Scanless Spectral Imaging of Terahertz Vortex Beams Generated by High‐Resolution 3D‐Printed Spiral Phase Plates

Terahertz technology has experienced significant advances in the past years, leading to new applications in the fields of spectroscopy, imaging, and communications. This progress requires the development of dedicated optics to effectively direct, control and manipulate terahertz radiation. In this r...

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Main Authors: Andreea Aura Paraipan, Diana Gonzalez‐Hernandez, Innem V. A. K. Reddy, Giacomo Balistreri, Luca Zanotto, Mostafa Shalaby, Roberto Morandotti, Carlo Liberale, Luca Razzari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2024-12-01
Series:Small Science
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400352
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author Andreea Aura Paraipan
Diana Gonzalez‐Hernandez
Innem V. A. K. Reddy
Giacomo Balistreri
Luca Zanotto
Mostafa Shalaby
Roberto Morandotti
Carlo Liberale
Luca Razzari
author_facet Andreea Aura Paraipan
Diana Gonzalez‐Hernandez
Innem V. A. K. Reddy
Giacomo Balistreri
Luca Zanotto
Mostafa Shalaby
Roberto Morandotti
Carlo Liberale
Luca Razzari
author_sort Andreea Aura Paraipan
collection DOAJ
description Terahertz technology has experienced significant advances in the past years, leading to new applications in the fields of spectroscopy, imaging, and communications. This progress requires the development of dedicated optics to effectively direct, control and manipulate terahertz radiation. In this regard, 3D printing technologies have shown great potential, offering fast prototyping, high design flexibility, and good reproducibility. While traditional 3D printing techniques allow for the preparation of terahertz optical components operating at relatively low frequencies (<0.4 THz) due to their limited resolution, two‐photon polymerization lithography (TPL) exhibits high detail resolution and low surface roughness and can thus potentially enable the fabrication of high‐frequency terahertz devices. Here, as a proof of principle, spiral phase plates operating at 1 THz are designed and fabricated by means of TPL. Moreover, these samples are characterized via a rapid and scanless terahertz imaging technique customized to obtain a coherent hyperspectral analysis of the generated vortex beams at varying distances along propagation. Numerical simulations are also conducted for comparison with experiments, revealing a good agreement. Current limitations of the technique are found to be mainly related with terahertz loss in TPL polymers, and possible solutions are discussed.
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spelling doaj-art-f8f424f1adf545a3805bb1d563182f112025-08-20T02:38:36ZengWiley-VCHSmall Science2688-40462024-12-01412n/an/a10.1002/smsc.202400352Scanless Spectral Imaging of Terahertz Vortex Beams Generated by High‐Resolution 3D‐Printed Spiral Phase PlatesAndreea Aura Paraipan0Diana Gonzalez‐Hernandez1Innem V. A. K. Reddy2Giacomo Balistreri3Luca Zanotto4Mostafa Shalaby5Roberto Morandotti6Carlo Liberale7Luca Razzari8Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Blvd. Lionel Boulet Varennes QC J3X 1P7 CanadaBiological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaBiological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaCentre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Blvd. Lionel Boulet Varennes QC J3X 1P7 CanadaCentre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Blvd. Lionel Boulet Varennes QC J3X 1P7 CanadaSwiss Terahertz Research‐Zürich Swiss Terahertz GmbH 8005 Zürich SwitzerlandCentre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Blvd. Lionel Boulet Varennes QC J3X 1P7 CanadaBiological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaCentre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Blvd. Lionel Boulet Varennes QC J3X 1P7 CanadaTerahertz technology has experienced significant advances in the past years, leading to new applications in the fields of spectroscopy, imaging, and communications. This progress requires the development of dedicated optics to effectively direct, control and manipulate terahertz radiation. In this regard, 3D printing technologies have shown great potential, offering fast prototyping, high design flexibility, and good reproducibility. While traditional 3D printing techniques allow for the preparation of terahertz optical components operating at relatively low frequencies (<0.4 THz) due to their limited resolution, two‐photon polymerization lithography (TPL) exhibits high detail resolution and low surface roughness and can thus potentially enable the fabrication of high‐frequency terahertz devices. Here, as a proof of principle, spiral phase plates operating at 1 THz are designed and fabricated by means of TPL. Moreover, these samples are characterized via a rapid and scanless terahertz imaging technique customized to obtain a coherent hyperspectral analysis of the generated vortex beams at varying distances along propagation. Numerical simulations are also conducted for comparison with experiments, revealing a good agreement. Current limitations of the technique are found to be mainly related with terahertz loss in TPL polymers, and possible solutions are discussed.https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400352high‐resolution 3D printingscanless terahertz hyperspectral imagingspiral phase plateterahertz vortex beamtwo‐photon polymerization lithography
spellingShingle Andreea Aura Paraipan
Diana Gonzalez‐Hernandez
Innem V. A. K. Reddy
Giacomo Balistreri
Luca Zanotto
Mostafa Shalaby
Roberto Morandotti
Carlo Liberale
Luca Razzari
Scanless Spectral Imaging of Terahertz Vortex Beams Generated by High‐Resolution 3D‐Printed Spiral Phase Plates
Small Science
high‐resolution 3D printing
scanless terahertz hyperspectral imaging
spiral phase plate
terahertz vortex beam
two‐photon polymerization lithography
title Scanless Spectral Imaging of Terahertz Vortex Beams Generated by High‐Resolution 3D‐Printed Spiral Phase Plates
title_full Scanless Spectral Imaging of Terahertz Vortex Beams Generated by High‐Resolution 3D‐Printed Spiral Phase Plates
title_fullStr Scanless Spectral Imaging of Terahertz Vortex Beams Generated by High‐Resolution 3D‐Printed Spiral Phase Plates
title_full_unstemmed Scanless Spectral Imaging of Terahertz Vortex Beams Generated by High‐Resolution 3D‐Printed Spiral Phase Plates
title_short Scanless Spectral Imaging of Terahertz Vortex Beams Generated by High‐Resolution 3D‐Printed Spiral Phase Plates
title_sort scanless spectral imaging of terahertz vortex beams generated by high resolution 3d printed spiral phase plates
topic high‐resolution 3D printing
scanless terahertz hyperspectral imaging
spiral phase plate
terahertz vortex beam
two‐photon polymerization lithography
url https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400352
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