Carboxylated Graphene: An Innovative Approach to Enhanced IgA-SARS-CoV-2 Electrochemical Biosensing
Biosensors harness biological materials as receptors linked to transducers, enabling the capture and transformation of primary biorecognition signals into measurable outputs. This study presents a novel carboxylation method for synthesizing carboxylated graphene (CG) under acidic conditions, enhanci...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/34 |
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| author | Luciana de Souza Freire Ariamna María Dip Gandarilla Yonny Romaguera Barcelay Camila Macena Ruzo Barbara Batista Salgado Ana P. M. Tavares Francisco Xavier Nobre Julio Nino de Souza Neto Spartaco Astolfi-Filho Ștefan Țălu Pritesh Lalwani Niranjan Patra Walter Ricardo Brito |
| author_facet | Luciana de Souza Freire Ariamna María Dip Gandarilla Yonny Romaguera Barcelay Camila Macena Ruzo Barbara Batista Salgado Ana P. M. Tavares Francisco Xavier Nobre Julio Nino de Souza Neto Spartaco Astolfi-Filho Ștefan Țălu Pritesh Lalwani Niranjan Patra Walter Ricardo Brito |
| author_sort | Luciana de Souza Freire |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biosensors harness biological materials as receptors linked to transducers, enabling the capture and transformation of primary biorecognition signals into measurable outputs. This study presents a novel carboxylation method for synthesizing carboxylated graphene (CG) under acidic conditions, enhancing biosensing capabilities. The characterization of the CG was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) with CG to immobilize the SARS-CoV-2 N-protein, facilitating targeted detection of IgA antibodies (IgA-SARS-CoV-2). The analytical performance was assessed via electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, confirming CG synthesis effectiveness and biosensor functionality. The developed biosensor efficiently detects IgA-SARS-CoV-2 across a dilution range of 1:1000 to 1:200 <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution, with a limit of detection calculated at 1:1601 <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>. This device shows considerable potential because of its fast response time, miniaturized design facilitated by SPCEs, reduced sample volume requirements, high sensitivity and specificity, low detection limits, and signal enhancement achieved through nanomaterial integration. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f83e12a09d5947db8d59838f231a1ffa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-f83e12a09d5947db8d59838f231a1ffa2025-01-24T13:25:30ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-01-011513410.3390/bios15010034Carboxylated Graphene: An Innovative Approach to Enhanced IgA-SARS-CoV-2 Electrochemical BiosensingLuciana de Souza Freire0Ariamna María Dip Gandarilla1Yonny Romaguera Barcelay2Camila Macena Ruzo3Barbara Batista Salgado4Ana P. M. Tavares5Francisco Xavier Nobre6Julio Nino de Souza Neto7Spartaco Astolfi-Filho8Ștefan Țălu9Pritesh Lalwani10Niranjan Patra11Walter Ricardo Brito12LABEL–Laboratório de Bioeletrônica e Eletroanalítica, Central Analítica Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, BrazilLABEL–Laboratório de Bioeletrônica e Eletroanalítica, Central Analítica Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, BrazilLABEL–Laboratório de Bioeletrônica e Eletroanalítica, Central Analítica Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, BrazilLABEL–Laboratório de Bioeletrônica e Eletroanalítica, Central Analítica Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, BrazilInstituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus 69029-520, Amazonas, BrazilCENTI, Centro de Nanotecnologia e Materiais Técnicos, Funcionais e Inteligentes, R. Fernando Mesquita 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, PortugalGroup of Energy Resources and Nanomaterials (GREEN Group), Department of Chemistry, Environment, and Food (DQA), Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas, Campus Manaus Centro, Manaus 69020-120, Amazonas, BrazilPPGBIOTEC—Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, BrazilPPGBIOTEC—Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, BrazilThe Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), The Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400020 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaInstituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus 69029-520, Amazonas, BrazilDepartment of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Greenfield, Vaddeswaram 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaLABEL–Laboratório de Bioeletrônica e Eletroanalítica, Central Analítica Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, BrazilBiosensors harness biological materials as receptors linked to transducers, enabling the capture and transformation of primary biorecognition signals into measurable outputs. This study presents a novel carboxylation method for synthesizing carboxylated graphene (CG) under acidic conditions, enhancing biosensing capabilities. The characterization of the CG was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) with CG to immobilize the SARS-CoV-2 N-protein, facilitating targeted detection of IgA antibodies (IgA-SARS-CoV-2). The analytical performance was assessed via electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, confirming CG synthesis effectiveness and biosensor functionality. The developed biosensor efficiently detects IgA-SARS-CoV-2 across a dilution range of 1:1000 to 1:200 <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution, with a limit of detection calculated at 1:1601 <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>. This device shows considerable potential because of its fast response time, miniaturized design facilitated by SPCEs, reduced sample volume requirements, high sensitivity and specificity, low detection limits, and signal enhancement achieved through nanomaterial integration.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/34carboxylated graphenescreen-printed carbon electrodeselectrochemical biosensorsIgA-SARS-CoV-2COVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Luciana de Souza Freire Ariamna María Dip Gandarilla Yonny Romaguera Barcelay Camila Macena Ruzo Barbara Batista Salgado Ana P. M. Tavares Francisco Xavier Nobre Julio Nino de Souza Neto Spartaco Astolfi-Filho Ștefan Țălu Pritesh Lalwani Niranjan Patra Walter Ricardo Brito Carboxylated Graphene: An Innovative Approach to Enhanced IgA-SARS-CoV-2 Electrochemical Biosensing Biosensors carboxylated graphene screen-printed carbon electrodes electrochemical biosensors IgA-SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 |
| title | Carboxylated Graphene: An Innovative Approach to Enhanced IgA-SARS-CoV-2 Electrochemical Biosensing |
| title_full | Carboxylated Graphene: An Innovative Approach to Enhanced IgA-SARS-CoV-2 Electrochemical Biosensing |
| title_fullStr | Carboxylated Graphene: An Innovative Approach to Enhanced IgA-SARS-CoV-2 Electrochemical Biosensing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carboxylated Graphene: An Innovative Approach to Enhanced IgA-SARS-CoV-2 Electrochemical Biosensing |
| title_short | Carboxylated Graphene: An Innovative Approach to Enhanced IgA-SARS-CoV-2 Electrochemical Biosensing |
| title_sort | carboxylated graphene an innovative approach to enhanced iga sars cov 2 electrochemical biosensing |
| topic | carboxylated graphene screen-printed carbon electrodes electrochemical biosensors IgA-SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/34 |
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