Enhanced biomechanical and biological performance of titanium scaffolds with gradient in pore sizes
With the rapid advancement of metal 3D printing technologies, porous metal implants are increasingly explored for regenerative medicine. Among various methods, powder bed fusion (PBF) stands out for its precision in implant design and fabrication. This study systematically investigates the structura...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424030199 |
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| author | Ara Jung Jinju Jang Hun Yeong Ban Hee Jin Kim Bomi Gweon Dohyung Lim |
| author_facet | Ara Jung Jinju Jang Hun Yeong Ban Hee Jin Kim Bomi Gweon Dohyung Lim |
| author_sort | Ara Jung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the rapid advancement of metal 3D printing technologies, porous metal implants are increasingly explored for regenerative medicine. Among various methods, powder bed fusion (PBF) stands out for its precision in implant design and fabrication. This study systematically investigates the structural, mechanical, and biological aspects of titanium scaffolds using PBF technology with varying pore sizes (400 μm, 600 μm, 800 μm, and 1000 μm). Micro-CT cross-sectional images revealed slight deviations in pore size and structure thickness from the intended designs, yet the overall structure adhered closely to specifications. Mechanical testing showed that as pore size increased, both the elastic modulus and yield strength decreased, with scaffolds in the 600–1000 μm range resembling the properties of human cortical bone. Osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were most active in scaffolds with 1000 μm pores, whereas endothelial cell proliferation thrived in 400 μm pores. To simultaneously enhance mechanical properties, osteointegration, and vascularization, scaffolds with a gradient in pore sizes from 400 μm to 1000 μm were designed and evaluated. These graded scaffolds demonstrated mechanical properties comparable to human cortical bone. In vitro experiments further supported the advantages of pore-size gradients, revealing accelerated osteoblast and endothelial proliferation in the Type 2 gradient scaffolds, featuring a gradient from the center (1000 μm) to the periphery (400 μm). Collectively, these findings suggest that the design strategy of the Type 2 gradient scaffold is beneficial not only for achieving biomechanical compatibility by closely mimicking natural bone but also for promoting osteogenesis and neovascularization. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f7caaa99393a47f4b5c3bb05b5b66c45 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-f7caaa99393a47f4b5c3bb05b5b66c452025-01-19T06:25:51ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-01-013425122526Enhanced biomechanical and biological performance of titanium scaffolds with gradient in pore sizesAra Jung0Jinju Jang1Hun Yeong Ban2Hee Jin Kim3Bomi Gweon4Dohyung Lim5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaCorporate Research Institute, RNX Inc., Bucheon 14558, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaCorporate Research Institute, RNX Inc., Bucheon 14558, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; Corporate Research Institute, RNX Inc., Bucheon 14558, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.With the rapid advancement of metal 3D printing technologies, porous metal implants are increasingly explored for regenerative medicine. Among various methods, powder bed fusion (PBF) stands out for its precision in implant design and fabrication. This study systematically investigates the structural, mechanical, and biological aspects of titanium scaffolds using PBF technology with varying pore sizes (400 μm, 600 μm, 800 μm, and 1000 μm). Micro-CT cross-sectional images revealed slight deviations in pore size and structure thickness from the intended designs, yet the overall structure adhered closely to specifications. Mechanical testing showed that as pore size increased, both the elastic modulus and yield strength decreased, with scaffolds in the 600–1000 μm range resembling the properties of human cortical bone. Osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were most active in scaffolds with 1000 μm pores, whereas endothelial cell proliferation thrived in 400 μm pores. To simultaneously enhance mechanical properties, osteointegration, and vascularization, scaffolds with a gradient in pore sizes from 400 μm to 1000 μm were designed and evaluated. These graded scaffolds demonstrated mechanical properties comparable to human cortical bone. In vitro experiments further supported the advantages of pore-size gradients, revealing accelerated osteoblast and endothelial proliferation in the Type 2 gradient scaffolds, featuring a gradient from the center (1000 μm) to the periphery (400 μm). Collectively, these findings suggest that the design strategy of the Type 2 gradient scaffold is beneficial not only for achieving biomechanical compatibility by closely mimicking natural bone but also for promoting osteogenesis and neovascularization.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424030199Powder bed fusion3D metal printingOsteointegrationOsteogenesisNeovascularization |
| spellingShingle | Ara Jung Jinju Jang Hun Yeong Ban Hee Jin Kim Bomi Gweon Dohyung Lim Enhanced biomechanical and biological performance of titanium scaffolds with gradient in pore sizes Journal of Materials Research and Technology Powder bed fusion 3D metal printing Osteointegration Osteogenesis Neovascularization |
| title | Enhanced biomechanical and biological performance of titanium scaffolds with gradient in pore sizes |
| title_full | Enhanced biomechanical and biological performance of titanium scaffolds with gradient in pore sizes |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced biomechanical and biological performance of titanium scaffolds with gradient in pore sizes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced biomechanical and biological performance of titanium scaffolds with gradient in pore sizes |
| title_short | Enhanced biomechanical and biological performance of titanium scaffolds with gradient in pore sizes |
| title_sort | enhanced biomechanical and biological performance of titanium scaffolds with gradient in pore sizes |
| topic | Powder bed fusion 3D metal printing Osteointegration Osteogenesis Neovascularization |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424030199 |
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