Damage mechanisms in hybrid composites: experimental characterisation and energy-based numerical analysis

This study analyses the failure mechanisms of bilayer hybrid composites, consisting of carbon and glass fibres embedded in an epoxy matrix, under bending loads. The objective is to evaluate how different hybrid configurations influence failure evolution and mechanical performance. To achieve this, s...

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Main Authors: Jo�o M. Parente, Luis M. Ferreira, Paulo N.B. Reis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Gruppo Italiano Frattura 2025-07-01
Series:Fracture and Structural Integrity
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Online Access:https://www.fracturae.com/index.php/fis/article/view/5450/4244
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author Jo�o M. Parente
Luis M. Ferreira
Paulo N.B. Reis
author_facet Jo�o M. Parente
Luis M. Ferreira
Paulo N.B. Reis
author_sort Jo�o M. Parente
collection DOAJ
description This study analyses the failure mechanisms of bilayer hybrid composites, consisting of carbon and glass fibres embedded in an epoxy matrix, under bending loads. The objective is to evaluate how different hybrid configurations influence failure evolution and mechanical performance. To achieve this, specimens are submitted to 3-point bending tests, and 3D finite element models are developed to simulate the experimental setup. The numerical models incorporate a continuum damage mechanics model to capture intralaminar failure and a surface-based cohesive behaviour for interlaminar damage. The results show that hybrid laminates exhibit intermediate strength and displacement values compared to nonhybrid carbon and glass laminates, with the positioning of glass fibers significantly affecting bending force and displacement. Intralaminar damage is the primary failure mechanism in all configurations, followed by delamination. Additionally, placing glass fibers on the compression side reduces the overall damage, whereas placing them on the tensile side increases intralaminar failure before reaching the peak load. These findings contribute to optimizing the design of hybrid composites for bending applications by providing information about the relationship between material configuration and failure mechanisms, ultimately improving their structural efficiency and durability in engineering applications.
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spelling doaj-art-f74b21370a8a44da991c73028ea926f82025-08-20T03:09:01ZengGruppo Italiano FratturaFracture and Structural Integrity1971-89932025-07-01197313915210.3221/IGF-ESIS.73.1010.3221/IGF-ESIS.73.10Damage mechanisms in hybrid composites: experimental characterisation and energy-based numerical analysisJo�o M. ParenteLuis M. FerreiraPaulo N.B. ReisThis study analyses the failure mechanisms of bilayer hybrid composites, consisting of carbon and glass fibres embedded in an epoxy matrix, under bending loads. The objective is to evaluate how different hybrid configurations influence failure evolution and mechanical performance. To achieve this, specimens are submitted to 3-point bending tests, and 3D finite element models are developed to simulate the experimental setup. The numerical models incorporate a continuum damage mechanics model to capture intralaminar failure and a surface-based cohesive behaviour for interlaminar damage. The results show that hybrid laminates exhibit intermediate strength and displacement values compared to nonhybrid carbon and glass laminates, with the positioning of glass fibers significantly affecting bending force and displacement. Intralaminar damage is the primary failure mechanism in all configurations, followed by delamination. Additionally, placing glass fibers on the compression side reduces the overall damage, whereas placing them on the tensile side increases intralaminar failure before reaching the peak load. These findings contribute to optimizing the design of hybrid composites for bending applications by providing information about the relationship between material configuration and failure mechanisms, ultimately improving their structural efficiency and durability in engineering applications.https://www.fracturae.com/index.php/fis/article/view/5450/4244fiber�s hybridisationepoxy compositesdamage mechanismsbending behaviournumerical analysis
spellingShingle Jo�o M. Parente
Luis M. Ferreira
Paulo N.B. Reis
Damage mechanisms in hybrid composites: experimental characterisation and energy-based numerical analysis
Fracture and Structural Integrity
fiber�s hybridisation
epoxy composites
damage mechanisms
bending behaviour
numerical analysis
title Damage mechanisms in hybrid composites: experimental characterisation and energy-based numerical analysis
title_full Damage mechanisms in hybrid composites: experimental characterisation and energy-based numerical analysis
title_fullStr Damage mechanisms in hybrid composites: experimental characterisation and energy-based numerical analysis
title_full_unstemmed Damage mechanisms in hybrid composites: experimental characterisation and energy-based numerical analysis
title_short Damage mechanisms in hybrid composites: experimental characterisation and energy-based numerical analysis
title_sort damage mechanisms in hybrid composites experimental characterisation and energy based numerical analysis
topic fiber�s hybridisation
epoxy composites
damage mechanisms
bending behaviour
numerical analysis
url https://www.fracturae.com/index.php/fis/article/view/5450/4244
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AT luismferreira damagemechanismsinhybridcompositesexperimentalcharacterisationandenergybasednumericalanalysis
AT paulonbreis damagemechanismsinhybridcompositesexperimentalcharacterisationandenergybasednumericalanalysis