Robust Stackelberg Equilibrium Water Allocation Patterns in Shallow Groundwater Areas
Abstract It is challenging for decision‐makers (DMs) to deal with uncertainties in multi‐level agricultural water resource systems, where DMs independently make decisions but have different levels of power. In this paper, we model the multi‐level agricultural water resources system under deep uncert...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-08-01
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| Series: | Water Resources Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR035373 |
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| author | Xiaoxing Zhang Andrea Castelletti Xuechao Wang Ping Guo |
| author_facet | Xiaoxing Zhang Andrea Castelletti Xuechao Wang Ping Guo |
| author_sort | Xiaoxing Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract It is challenging for decision‐makers (DMs) to deal with uncertainties in multi‐level agricultural water resource systems, where DMs independently make decisions but have different levels of power. In this paper, we model the multi‐level agricultural water resources system under deep uncertainties as a Stackelberg game, use multi‐level programming to solve equilibrium water allocation problems, and introduce robustness metrics into multi‐level programming to balance solution feasibility and model optimality within uncertain environments. The approach is applied to a shallow groundwater area with three decision levels, pursuing, from the top level to the bottom one, high food production, fair water allocation, and increased economic benefit. The model generated a series of optimal equilibrium solutions with different robustness degrees. DMs can choose “rational” solutions according to their acceptable costs, oriented robustness degree, expected objective values, and advance risk assessment of uncertainties. Among these solutions, we capture a critical point with high objective values and strong robustness, where DMs can accomplish both objective optimality and solution robustness with a low cost. The proposed approach in this study provides a posterior decision support to consider solution robustness while designing policies in multi‐level agricultural water resource systems under deep uncertainties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f73bec35e6d241328fded29c8075c158 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0043-1397 1944-7973 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-08-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Resources Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-f73bec35e6d241328fded29c8075c1582025-08-20T03:40:26ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732024-08-01608n/an/a10.1029/2023WR035373Robust Stackelberg Equilibrium Water Allocation Patterns in Shallow Groundwater AreasXiaoxing Zhang0Andrea Castelletti1Xuechao Wang2Ping Guo3Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University Beijing ChinaDepartment of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano Milano ItalyYellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou ChinaCenter for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University Beijing ChinaAbstract It is challenging for decision‐makers (DMs) to deal with uncertainties in multi‐level agricultural water resource systems, where DMs independently make decisions but have different levels of power. In this paper, we model the multi‐level agricultural water resources system under deep uncertainties as a Stackelberg game, use multi‐level programming to solve equilibrium water allocation problems, and introduce robustness metrics into multi‐level programming to balance solution feasibility and model optimality within uncertain environments. The approach is applied to a shallow groundwater area with three decision levels, pursuing, from the top level to the bottom one, high food production, fair water allocation, and increased economic benefit. The model generated a series of optimal equilibrium solutions with different robustness degrees. DMs can choose “rational” solutions according to their acceptable costs, oriented robustness degree, expected objective values, and advance risk assessment of uncertainties. Among these solutions, we capture a critical point with high objective values and strong robustness, where DMs can accomplish both objective optimality and solution robustness with a low cost. The proposed approach in this study provides a posterior decision support to consider solution robustness while designing policies in multi‐level agricultural water resource systems under deep uncertainties.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR035373robustStackelberg gameuncertaintyshallow groundwater areamulti‐level programming |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoxing Zhang Andrea Castelletti Xuechao Wang Ping Guo Robust Stackelberg Equilibrium Water Allocation Patterns in Shallow Groundwater Areas Water Resources Research robust Stackelberg game uncertainty shallow groundwater area multi‐level programming |
| title | Robust Stackelberg Equilibrium Water Allocation Patterns in Shallow Groundwater Areas |
| title_full | Robust Stackelberg Equilibrium Water Allocation Patterns in Shallow Groundwater Areas |
| title_fullStr | Robust Stackelberg Equilibrium Water Allocation Patterns in Shallow Groundwater Areas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Robust Stackelberg Equilibrium Water Allocation Patterns in Shallow Groundwater Areas |
| title_short | Robust Stackelberg Equilibrium Water Allocation Patterns in Shallow Groundwater Areas |
| title_sort | robust stackelberg equilibrium water allocation patterns in shallow groundwater areas |
| topic | robust Stackelberg game uncertainty shallow groundwater area multi‐level programming |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR035373 |
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