Hydroxychloroquine Effects on TLR Signalling: Underexposed but Unneglectable in COVID-19
The main basis for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment in COVID-19 is the compound’s ability to inhibit viral replication in vitro. HCQ also suppresses immunity, mainly by interference in TLR signalling, but reliable clinical data on the extent and nature of HCQ-induced immunosuppression are lacking....
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6659410 |
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| author | Aliede E. in ‘t Veld Manon A. A. Jansen Luuk C. A. Ciere Matthijs Moerland |
| author_facet | Aliede E. in ‘t Veld Manon A. A. Jansen Luuk C. A. Ciere Matthijs Moerland |
| author_sort | Aliede E. in ‘t Veld |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main basis for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment in COVID-19 is the compound’s ability to inhibit viral replication in vitro. HCQ also suppresses immunity, mainly by interference in TLR signalling, but reliable clinical data on the extent and nature of HCQ-induced immunosuppression are lacking. Here, we discuss the mechanistic basis for the use of HCQ against SARS-CoV-2 in a prophylactic setting and in a therapeutic setting, at different stages of the disease. We argue that the clinical effect of prophylactic or therapeutic HCQ treatment in COVID-19 depends on the balance between inhibition of viral replication, immunosuppression, and off-target side effects, and that the outcome is probably dependent on disease stage and disease severity. This is supported by the initial outcomes of the well-designed randomized controlled trials: so far, evidence for a beneficial effect of HCQ treatment for COVID-19 is weak and conflicting. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f6dc6f29bc684ab09dcbd498743b4443 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-f6dc6f29bc684ab09dcbd498743b44432025-02-03T01:28:29ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562021-01-01202110.1155/2021/66594106659410Hydroxychloroquine Effects on TLR Signalling: Underexposed but Unneglectable in COVID-19Aliede E. in ‘t Veld0Manon A. A. Jansen1Luuk C. A. Ciere2Matthijs Moerland3Centre of Human Drug Research, Leiden, NetherlandsCentre of Human Drug Research, Leiden, NetherlandsCentre of Human Drug Research, Leiden, NetherlandsCentre of Human Drug Research, Leiden, NetherlandsThe main basis for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment in COVID-19 is the compound’s ability to inhibit viral replication in vitro. HCQ also suppresses immunity, mainly by interference in TLR signalling, but reliable clinical data on the extent and nature of HCQ-induced immunosuppression are lacking. Here, we discuss the mechanistic basis for the use of HCQ against SARS-CoV-2 in a prophylactic setting and in a therapeutic setting, at different stages of the disease. We argue that the clinical effect of prophylactic or therapeutic HCQ treatment in COVID-19 depends on the balance between inhibition of viral replication, immunosuppression, and off-target side effects, and that the outcome is probably dependent on disease stage and disease severity. This is supported by the initial outcomes of the well-designed randomized controlled trials: so far, evidence for a beneficial effect of HCQ treatment for COVID-19 is weak and conflicting.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6659410 |
| spellingShingle | Aliede E. in ‘t Veld Manon A. A. Jansen Luuk C. A. Ciere Matthijs Moerland Hydroxychloroquine Effects on TLR Signalling: Underexposed but Unneglectable in COVID-19 Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Hydroxychloroquine Effects on TLR Signalling: Underexposed but Unneglectable in COVID-19 |
| title_full | Hydroxychloroquine Effects on TLR Signalling: Underexposed but Unneglectable in COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Hydroxychloroquine Effects on TLR Signalling: Underexposed but Unneglectable in COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydroxychloroquine Effects on TLR Signalling: Underexposed but Unneglectable in COVID-19 |
| title_short | Hydroxychloroquine Effects on TLR Signalling: Underexposed but Unneglectable in COVID-19 |
| title_sort | hydroxychloroquine effects on tlr signalling underexposed but unneglectable in covid 19 |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6659410 |
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