Polymer Gels Based on PAMAM Dendrimers Functionalized with Caffeic Acid for Wound-Healing Applications
The wound-healing process has usually been related to therapeutic agents with antioxidant properties. Among them, caffeic acid, a cinnamic acid derivative, stands out. However, the use of this natural product is affected by its bioavailability and half-life. Nowadays, different approaches are being...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Ricardo I. Castro Wendy Donoso Franko Restovic Oscar Forero-Doria Luis Guzman |
| author_facet | Ricardo I. Castro Wendy Donoso Franko Restovic Oscar Forero-Doria Luis Guzman |
| author_sort | Ricardo I. Castro |
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| description | The wound-healing process has usually been related to therapeutic agents with antioxidant properties. Among them, caffeic acid, a cinnamic acid derivative, stands out. However, the use of this natural product is affected by its bioavailability and half-life. Nowadays, different approaches are being taken to improve the above-mentioned characteristics, as many active surface groups are present in polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers; without the need for extra cross-linking agents, physical gels are created by interactions such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, or π–π interactions based on the modification of the surface. One of these is functionalization with dendrimers, such as the poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) family. To evaluate the effectiveness of functionalizing caffeic acid with PAMAM dendrimers, the in vitro and in vivo wound-healing properties of gel-PAMAM G3 conjugated with caffeic acid (GPG3Ca) and its precursor, cinnamic acid (GPG3Cin), were studied. The results showed no cytotoxicity and wound-healing activity at a concentration of 20 μg/mL in HaCaT cells with the GPG3Ca. Additionally, the ability to activate molecular mediators of the healing process was evidenced. Furthermore, GPG3Ca potentiated the in vivo wound-healing process. The positive effects and lack of cytotoxicity at the used concentration of the synthesized GPG3Ca on the wound-healing process could position it as an effective agent for wound-healing treatment. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-f67b883d076341fbabeb5de358a706a52025-01-24T13:33:52ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-01-011113610.3390/gels11010036Polymer Gels Based on PAMAM Dendrimers Functionalized with Caffeic Acid for Wound-Healing ApplicationsRicardo I. Castro0Wendy Donoso1Franko Restovic2Oscar Forero-Doria3Luis Guzman4Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Carrera de Ingeniería en Construcción, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3467987, ChileDepartamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunohematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, ChileCentro de Biotecnología de Sistemas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, ChileDepartamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3460000, ChileDepartamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunohematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, ChileThe wound-healing process has usually been related to therapeutic agents with antioxidant properties. Among them, caffeic acid, a cinnamic acid derivative, stands out. However, the use of this natural product is affected by its bioavailability and half-life. Nowadays, different approaches are being taken to improve the above-mentioned characteristics, as many active surface groups are present in polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers; without the need for extra cross-linking agents, physical gels are created by interactions such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, or π–π interactions based on the modification of the surface. One of these is functionalization with dendrimers, such as the poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) family. To evaluate the effectiveness of functionalizing caffeic acid with PAMAM dendrimers, the in vitro and in vivo wound-healing properties of gel-PAMAM G3 conjugated with caffeic acid (GPG3Ca) and its precursor, cinnamic acid (GPG3Cin), were studied. The results showed no cytotoxicity and wound-healing activity at a concentration of 20 μg/mL in HaCaT cells with the GPG3Ca. Additionally, the ability to activate molecular mediators of the healing process was evidenced. Furthermore, GPG3Ca potentiated the in vivo wound-healing process. The positive effects and lack of cytotoxicity at the used concentration of the synthesized GPG3Ca on the wound-healing process could position it as an effective agent for wound-healing treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/1/36gel-PAMAM dendrimerwound healingcaffeic and cinnamic acidsynthesis polymers gelsassay in vitro |
| spellingShingle | Ricardo I. Castro Wendy Donoso Franko Restovic Oscar Forero-Doria Luis Guzman Polymer Gels Based on PAMAM Dendrimers Functionalized with Caffeic Acid for Wound-Healing Applications Gels gel-PAMAM dendrimer wound healing caffeic and cinnamic acid synthesis polymers gels assay in vitro |
| title | Polymer Gels Based on PAMAM Dendrimers Functionalized with Caffeic Acid for Wound-Healing Applications |
| title_full | Polymer Gels Based on PAMAM Dendrimers Functionalized with Caffeic Acid for Wound-Healing Applications |
| title_fullStr | Polymer Gels Based on PAMAM Dendrimers Functionalized with Caffeic Acid for Wound-Healing Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polymer Gels Based on PAMAM Dendrimers Functionalized with Caffeic Acid for Wound-Healing Applications |
| title_short | Polymer Gels Based on PAMAM Dendrimers Functionalized with Caffeic Acid for Wound-Healing Applications |
| title_sort | polymer gels based on pamam dendrimers functionalized with caffeic acid for wound healing applications |
| topic | gel-PAMAM dendrimer wound healing caffeic and cinnamic acid synthesis polymers gels assay in vitro |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/1/36 |
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