Optimizing microwave-assisted extraction of ursolic acid from apple pomace using response surface methodology
This study investigates the optimization of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to recover ursolic acid (UA) from Hanfu apple pomace using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of three key variables—extraction time, sample-to-solvent ratio, and ethanol concentration—on UA yield were studi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1604863/full |
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| author | Xiyun Sun Wenjian Zhang Xianjun Meng Sajad Shokri |
| author_facet | Xiyun Sun Wenjian Zhang Xianjun Meng Sajad Shokri |
| author_sort | Xiyun Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the optimization of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to recover ursolic acid (UA) from Hanfu apple pomace using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of three key variables—extraction time, sample-to-solvent ratio, and ethanol concentration—on UA yield were studied. A Box-Behnken design was employed to model and optimize these variables. The results showed that extraction time had the most significant effect on UA yield, followed by ethanol concentration and sample-to-solvent ratio. The optimal conditions for UA extraction were 118.25 s for extraction time, a 1:30.86 sample-to-solvent ratio, and 82.23% ethanol concentration, with a predicted maximum UA yield of 89.92%. These results were validated with an actual UA yield of 88.87%, confirming the model's predictive reliability. The study highlights the efficiency of MAE for extracting UA, demonstrating its potential as a green extraction method for bioactive compounds from apple pomace. Further purification using XAD-7 resin improved UA purity significantly. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f67a374d6c6241768e2a5d2ebab5fcd7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-f67a374d6c6241768e2a5d2ebab5fcd72025-08-20T02:32:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-06-011210.3389/fnut.2025.16048631604863Optimizing microwave-assisted extraction of ursolic acid from apple pomace using response surface methodologyXiyun Sun0Wenjian Zhang1Xianjun Meng2Sajad Shokri3College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United KingdomThis study investigates the optimization of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to recover ursolic acid (UA) from Hanfu apple pomace using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of three key variables—extraction time, sample-to-solvent ratio, and ethanol concentration—on UA yield were studied. A Box-Behnken design was employed to model and optimize these variables. The results showed that extraction time had the most significant effect on UA yield, followed by ethanol concentration and sample-to-solvent ratio. The optimal conditions for UA extraction were 118.25 s for extraction time, a 1:30.86 sample-to-solvent ratio, and 82.23% ethanol concentration, with a predicted maximum UA yield of 89.92%. These results were validated with an actual UA yield of 88.87%, confirming the model's predictive reliability. The study highlights the efficiency of MAE for extracting UA, demonstrating its potential as a green extraction method for bioactive compounds from apple pomace. Further purification using XAD-7 resin improved UA purity significantly.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1604863/fullfood waste valorizationursolic acidapple pomaceresponse surface methodologybioactive compounds |
| spellingShingle | Xiyun Sun Wenjian Zhang Xianjun Meng Sajad Shokri Optimizing microwave-assisted extraction of ursolic acid from apple pomace using response surface methodology Frontiers in Nutrition food waste valorization ursolic acid apple pomace response surface methodology bioactive compounds |
| title | Optimizing microwave-assisted extraction of ursolic acid from apple pomace using response surface methodology |
| title_full | Optimizing microwave-assisted extraction of ursolic acid from apple pomace using response surface methodology |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing microwave-assisted extraction of ursolic acid from apple pomace using response surface methodology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing microwave-assisted extraction of ursolic acid from apple pomace using response surface methodology |
| title_short | Optimizing microwave-assisted extraction of ursolic acid from apple pomace using response surface methodology |
| title_sort | optimizing microwave assisted extraction of ursolic acid from apple pomace using response surface methodology |
| topic | food waste valorization ursolic acid apple pomace response surface methodology bioactive compounds |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1604863/full |
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