Quantifying of thallium in Shilajit and its supplements to unveil the potential risk of consumption of this popular traditional medicine
Abstract Shilajit, a natural substance used in traditional and modern medicine, has gained prominence as a vital component in dietary supplements. Concerns regarding its use in complementary medicine have arisen due to limited information regarding its composition. Considering thallium’s well-known...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01384-7 |
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| author | Elham Kamgar Joanna Zembrzuska Wlodzimierz Zembrzuski Massoud Kaykhaii |
| author_facet | Elham Kamgar Joanna Zembrzuska Wlodzimierz Zembrzuski Massoud Kaykhaii |
| author_sort | Elham Kamgar |
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| description | Abstract Shilajit, a natural substance used in traditional and modern medicine, has gained prominence as a vital component in dietary supplements. Concerns regarding its use in complementary medicine have arisen due to limited information regarding its composition. Considering thallium’s well-known toxicity, this study employs flow - injection differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry to accurately quantify thallium in natural Shilajit and Shilajit-based commercial supplements from various regions. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined as 6.58 × 10− 3 µg.mL− 1 and 1.98 × 10− 2 µg.mL− 1, respectively. Thallium contents were detected up to 0.226 µg.g− 1 in natural Shilajit, but mainly in the range of a few tenths of µg.g− 1. Thallium contents were found up to 0.5 µg.g− 1 in the supplements studied. Consumption of one pill of supplement, introduces up to 0.095 µg of Tl to the body. Notably, the concentration of thallium in some supplements was higher than in crude Shilajit, raising concerns about the potential health risks associated with long-term consumption. This study underscores potential health risks associated with thallium in both Shilajit and supplements. Regular monitoring and standardized testing are essential to ensure compliance with safe thallium limits, protecting consumers against potential thallium poisoning. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2661-801X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-f62fd99a078042eabdd2cdd0dbc2dea52025-01-19T12:08:34ZengBMCBMC Chemistry2661-801X2025-01-011911810.1186/s13065-025-01384-7Quantifying of thallium in Shilajit and its supplements to unveil the potential risk of consumption of this popular traditional medicineElham Kamgar0Joanna Zembrzuska1Wlodzimierz Zembrzuski2Massoud Kaykhaii3Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of TechnologyDepartment of General and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of TechnologyDepartment of General and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and BaluchestanAbstract Shilajit, a natural substance used in traditional and modern medicine, has gained prominence as a vital component in dietary supplements. Concerns regarding its use in complementary medicine have arisen due to limited information regarding its composition. Considering thallium’s well-known toxicity, this study employs flow - injection differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry to accurately quantify thallium in natural Shilajit and Shilajit-based commercial supplements from various regions. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined as 6.58 × 10− 3 µg.mL− 1 and 1.98 × 10− 2 µg.mL− 1, respectively. Thallium contents were detected up to 0.226 µg.g− 1 in natural Shilajit, but mainly in the range of a few tenths of µg.g− 1. Thallium contents were found up to 0.5 µg.g− 1 in the supplements studied. Consumption of one pill of supplement, introduces up to 0.095 µg of Tl to the body. Notably, the concentration of thallium in some supplements was higher than in crude Shilajit, raising concerns about the potential health risks associated with long-term consumption. This study underscores potential health risks associated with thallium in both Shilajit and supplements. Regular monitoring and standardized testing are essential to ensure compliance with safe thallium limits, protecting consumers against potential thallium poisoning.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01384-7ShilajitThalliumToxicitySupplementary drugsNatural substanceFlow-injection differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry |
| spellingShingle | Elham Kamgar Joanna Zembrzuska Wlodzimierz Zembrzuski Massoud Kaykhaii Quantifying of thallium in Shilajit and its supplements to unveil the potential risk of consumption of this popular traditional medicine BMC Chemistry Shilajit Thallium Toxicity Supplementary drugs Natural substance Flow-injection differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry |
| title | Quantifying of thallium in Shilajit and its supplements to unveil the potential risk of consumption of this popular traditional medicine |
| title_full | Quantifying of thallium in Shilajit and its supplements to unveil the potential risk of consumption of this popular traditional medicine |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying of thallium in Shilajit and its supplements to unveil the potential risk of consumption of this popular traditional medicine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying of thallium in Shilajit and its supplements to unveil the potential risk of consumption of this popular traditional medicine |
| title_short | Quantifying of thallium in Shilajit and its supplements to unveil the potential risk of consumption of this popular traditional medicine |
| title_sort | quantifying of thallium in shilajit and its supplements to unveil the potential risk of consumption of this popular traditional medicine |
| topic | Shilajit Thallium Toxicity Supplementary drugs Natural substance Flow-injection differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01384-7 |
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