Positive interaction between melatonin and methyl jasmonate enhances Fusarium wilt resistance in Citrullus lanatus

Fusarium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), is widely recognized as one of the most devastating fungal diseases, inflicting significant damage on a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops. Despite melatonin has recently emerged as a potential enhancer...

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Main Authors: Jingyi Yan, Tongshu Zhao, Yi Chen, Haiheng Liu, Chunhua Wei, Jianxiang Ma, Yong Zhang, Jianqiang Yang, Xian Zhang, Hao Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1508852/full
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author Jingyi Yan
Tongshu Zhao
Yi Chen
Haiheng Liu
Chunhua Wei
Jianxiang Ma
Yong Zhang
Jianqiang Yang
Xian Zhang
Hao Li
author_facet Jingyi Yan
Tongshu Zhao
Yi Chen
Haiheng Liu
Chunhua Wei
Jianxiang Ma
Yong Zhang
Jianqiang Yang
Xian Zhang
Hao Li
author_sort Jingyi Yan
collection DOAJ
description Fusarium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), is widely recognized as one of the most devastating fungal diseases, inflicting significant damage on a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops. Despite melatonin has recently emerged as a potential enhancer of plant resistance against Fo, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, our results demonstrate that exogenous melatonin and MeJA enhance watermelon resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum race 2 (FON2) in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal concentration for melatonin and MeJA was determined to be 10 μM and 1 μM, respectively. Both melatonin and MeJA inhibited FON2 mycelial growth on PDA medium in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, exogenous melatonin significantly stimulated upregulation of MeJA synthesis genes and increased MeJA content upon FON2 infection. However, pretreatment with a MeJA synthesis inhibitor (DIECA) suppressed the induction of melatonin-induced resistance against FON2. Furthermore, MeJA also induced the upregulation of melatonin biosynthetic gene caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 (ClCOMT1) and increased melatonin accumulation in response to FON2. Notably, the reduction in FON2 resistance caused by ClCOMT1 deletion was completely restored through exogenous application of MeJA. These results suggest that melatonin facilitates MeJA accumulation, which provides feedback to promote melatonin accumulation, forming a reciprocal positive regulatory loop in response to FON2 infection. Additionally, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and lignin are involved in the MeJA-induced resistance against FON2. The growing concern over minimizing pesticide usage and transitioning to sustainable and natural control strategies underscores the significant potential of such a mechanism in combating Fo.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-f534c8fe48dc47e0ae94dc3c8d6d2dba2025-08-20T01:50:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-05-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15088521508852Positive interaction between melatonin and methyl jasmonate enhances Fusarium wilt resistance in Citrullus lanatusJingyi Yan0Tongshu Zhao1Yi Chen2Haiheng Liu3Chunhua Wei4Jianxiang Ma5Yong Zhang6Jianqiang Yang7Xian Zhang8Hao Li9State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaXi’an Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Exhibition Center, Xi’an Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Xi’an, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaFusarium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), is widely recognized as one of the most devastating fungal diseases, inflicting significant damage on a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops. Despite melatonin has recently emerged as a potential enhancer of plant resistance against Fo, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, our results demonstrate that exogenous melatonin and MeJA enhance watermelon resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum race 2 (FON2) in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal concentration for melatonin and MeJA was determined to be 10 μM and 1 μM, respectively. Both melatonin and MeJA inhibited FON2 mycelial growth on PDA medium in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, exogenous melatonin significantly stimulated upregulation of MeJA synthesis genes and increased MeJA content upon FON2 infection. However, pretreatment with a MeJA synthesis inhibitor (DIECA) suppressed the induction of melatonin-induced resistance against FON2. Furthermore, MeJA also induced the upregulation of melatonin biosynthetic gene caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 (ClCOMT1) and increased melatonin accumulation in response to FON2. Notably, the reduction in FON2 resistance caused by ClCOMT1 deletion was completely restored through exogenous application of MeJA. These results suggest that melatonin facilitates MeJA accumulation, which provides feedback to promote melatonin accumulation, forming a reciprocal positive regulatory loop in response to FON2 infection. Additionally, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and lignin are involved in the MeJA-induced resistance against FON2. The growing concern over minimizing pesticide usage and transitioning to sustainable and natural control strategies underscores the significant potential of such a mechanism in combating Fo.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1508852/fullmelatoninmethyl jasmonateFusarium wiltFON2watermelon
spellingShingle Jingyi Yan
Tongshu Zhao
Yi Chen
Haiheng Liu
Chunhua Wei
Jianxiang Ma
Yong Zhang
Jianqiang Yang
Xian Zhang
Hao Li
Positive interaction between melatonin and methyl jasmonate enhances Fusarium wilt resistance in Citrullus lanatus
Frontiers in Plant Science
melatonin
methyl jasmonate
Fusarium wilt
FON2
watermelon
title Positive interaction between melatonin and methyl jasmonate enhances Fusarium wilt resistance in Citrullus lanatus
title_full Positive interaction between melatonin and methyl jasmonate enhances Fusarium wilt resistance in Citrullus lanatus
title_fullStr Positive interaction between melatonin and methyl jasmonate enhances Fusarium wilt resistance in Citrullus lanatus
title_full_unstemmed Positive interaction between melatonin and methyl jasmonate enhances Fusarium wilt resistance in Citrullus lanatus
title_short Positive interaction between melatonin and methyl jasmonate enhances Fusarium wilt resistance in Citrullus lanatus
title_sort positive interaction between melatonin and methyl jasmonate enhances fusarium wilt resistance in citrullus lanatus
topic melatonin
methyl jasmonate
Fusarium wilt
FON2
watermelon
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1508852/full
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