Towards a geography of plastic fragmentation

Abstract Plastic pollution is a growing environmental crisis, with plastic waste accumulating across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. While early research focused on the transport and deposition of plastic debris, recent studies highlight the role of environmental forces in fragmentin...

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Main Authors: Maciej Liro, Anna Zielonka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-03-01
Series:Microplastics and Nanoplastics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-025-00120-1
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author Maciej Liro
Anna Zielonka
author_facet Maciej Liro
Anna Zielonka
author_sort Maciej Liro
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Plastic pollution is a growing environmental crisis, with plastic waste accumulating across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. While early research focused on the transport and deposition of plastic debris, recent studies highlight the role of environmental forces in fragmenting plastics into secondary microplastics. However, the spatial variability and drivers of plastic fragmentation remain poorly understood. Here, we introduce the concept of the geography of plastic fragmentation, a transdisciplinary framework that integrates natural and social science perspectives to examine the intrinsic (e.g., polymer composition, design, and prior weathering) and extrinsic (e.g., hydrodynamics, climate, land use) controls on fragmentation processes. We propose a research agenda that includes mapping fragmentation hotspots, conducting field experiments across environmental gradients, developing integrative modeling approaches, and leveraging spatial management strategies to mitigate secondary microplastic release. We argue that applying a geographical perspective to plastic fragmentation can help bridge critical knowledge gaps, providing insights into where, when, and how plastics fragment across diverse environments. By synthesizing geomorphological, socio-economic, and policy dimensions, this approach can inform targeted interventions, from product design improvements to waste management reforms. Advancing research on the geography of plastic fragmentation is essential for shaping effective mitigation strategies and guiding sustainable plastic policies in the face of the predicted increase in plastic production and ongoing climate change.
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spelling doaj-art-f5274f76c98346e4b47682d2433d1ef72025-08-20T03:01:36ZengSpringerOpenMicroplastics and Nanoplastics2662-49662025-03-01511510.1186/s43591-025-00120-1Towards a geography of plastic fragmentationMaciej Liro0Anna Zielonka1Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of ScienceInstitute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of ScienceAbstract Plastic pollution is a growing environmental crisis, with plastic waste accumulating across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. While early research focused on the transport and deposition of plastic debris, recent studies highlight the role of environmental forces in fragmenting plastics into secondary microplastics. However, the spatial variability and drivers of plastic fragmentation remain poorly understood. Here, we introduce the concept of the geography of plastic fragmentation, a transdisciplinary framework that integrates natural and social science perspectives to examine the intrinsic (e.g., polymer composition, design, and prior weathering) and extrinsic (e.g., hydrodynamics, climate, land use) controls on fragmentation processes. We propose a research agenda that includes mapping fragmentation hotspots, conducting field experiments across environmental gradients, developing integrative modeling approaches, and leveraging spatial management strategies to mitigate secondary microplastic release. We argue that applying a geographical perspective to plastic fragmentation can help bridge critical knowledge gaps, providing insights into where, when, and how plastics fragment across diverse environments. By synthesizing geomorphological, socio-economic, and policy dimensions, this approach can inform targeted interventions, from product design improvements to waste management reforms. Advancing research on the geography of plastic fragmentation is essential for shaping effective mitigation strategies and guiding sustainable plastic policies in the face of the predicted increase in plastic production and ongoing climate change.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-025-00120-1MicroplasticSecondary microplasticMacroplastic fragmentationPlastic breakdown
spellingShingle Maciej Liro
Anna Zielonka
Towards a geography of plastic fragmentation
Microplastics and Nanoplastics
Microplastic
Secondary microplastic
Macroplastic fragmentation
Plastic breakdown
title Towards a geography of plastic fragmentation
title_full Towards a geography of plastic fragmentation
title_fullStr Towards a geography of plastic fragmentation
title_full_unstemmed Towards a geography of plastic fragmentation
title_short Towards a geography of plastic fragmentation
title_sort towards a geography of plastic fragmentation
topic Microplastic
Secondary microplastic
Macroplastic fragmentation
Plastic breakdown
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-025-00120-1
work_keys_str_mv AT maciejliro towardsageographyofplasticfragmentation
AT annazielonka towardsageographyofplasticfragmentation