Enhancing surveillance for dengue fever in Oyo State, Nigeria – a one health approach
Abstract Background Dengue fever (DF) poses a growing global threat, necessitating a comprehensive one-health approach to address its complex interplay between human, animal, and environmental factors. In Oyo State, Nigeria, the true burden of DF remains unknown due to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosi...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-024-00121-9 |
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| author | Olawale Sunday Animasaun Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Busayo Kayode Akomolafe Olamide Priscilla Animasaun Piring’ar Mercy Niyang Olukemi Titilope Olugbade Akinfemi Oyewumi Akinyode Ibukun Akinsola Omisakin Adedapo Olufemi Adeogun Rosemary Ajuma Audu |
| author_facet | Olawale Sunday Animasaun Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Busayo Kayode Akomolafe Olamide Priscilla Animasaun Piring’ar Mercy Niyang Olukemi Titilope Olugbade Akinfemi Oyewumi Akinyode Ibukun Akinsola Omisakin Adedapo Olufemi Adeogun Rosemary Ajuma Audu |
| author_sort | Olawale Sunday Animasaun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Dengue fever (DF) poses a growing global threat, necessitating a comprehensive one-health approach to address its complex interplay between human, animal, and environmental factors. In Oyo State, Nigeria, the true burden of DF remains unknown due to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis as malaria, exacerbated by poor health-seeking behavior, weak surveillance systems, and inadequate health infrastructure. Adopting a one-health approach is crucial to understanding the dynamics of DF transmission. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to April 2023 in 10 high-risk LGAs of Oyo State. It involved screening DENV in 289 febrile human blood samples and 1,015 Aedes species mosquitoes. Viral RNA from human and mosquito specimens was extracted and analyzed using RT-qPCR. A one-step lateral flow immunoassay cassette test kit detected DENV-specific IgM and IgG in humans. DENV IgM-positive participants were screened for Lassa Virus (LASV) to rule out coinfection due to an outbreak of Lassa fever. Mosquitoes recovered were morphologically identified and classified using appropriate taxonomical keys. Meteorological data was obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency. Data was abridged as proportions and correlation analysis was performed. Result The overall seroprevalence of DENV was 128/289 (44.2%) with 19/289 (6.6%) and 109/289 (37.7%) being IgM and IgG positive respectively. DENV was detected all year round with more cases in the rainy season. LASV and DENV coinfection were detected in a participant. DENV RT-qPCR analysis in febrile patients and mosquitoes was negative. There was a high abundance of Aedes aegypti (79.5%) in all the locations surveyed with Aedes albopictus (12.3%) detected in Ido LGA and Ibadan South-East LGA and Aedes simpsoni (9.1%) in Iwajowa LGA. DF shows moderate to strong positive correlations with Aedes mosquito population, humidity, and rainfall (r = 0.419–0.61, p < 0.05), and a negative correlation with temperature (r =—0.465, p < 0.05). Conclusion The study reveals a significant burden of DENV in Oyo State. The presence of both IgM and IgG antibodies suggests past exposure and possible recent circulation of the virus. The co-detection of LASV and DENV in one participant highlights the likely potential for co-infection. Although DENV was not detected in febrile patients and mosquitoes through RT-qPCR, the high abundance of Aedes species underscores the risk of transmission. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance systems, strengthened laboratory services, targeted vector control, and increased awareness. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | One Health Outlook |
| spelling | doaj-art-f514124e25e84f589537ff8de292505d2025-02-02T12:42:17ZengBMCOne Health Outlook2524-46552025-01-017111410.1186/s42522-024-00121-9Enhancing surveillance for dengue fever in Oyo State, Nigeria – a one health approachOlawale Sunday Animasaun0Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu1Busayo Kayode Akomolafe2Olamide Priscilla Animasaun3Piring’ar Mercy Niyang4Olukemi Titilope Olugbade5Akinfemi Oyewumi Akinyode6Ibukun Akinsola Omisakin7Adedapo Olufemi Adeogun8Rosemary Ajuma Audu9Medical Virology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical and Applied Sciences, Lead City University and Primary Health Care BoardCentre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchMedical Virology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical and Applied Sciences, Lead City University and Primary Health Care BoardDepartment of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture AbeokutaGeorgetown Global Health NigeriaNigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training ProgrammeNigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training ProgrammeDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, McPherson UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchMedical Virology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical and Applied Sciences, Lead City University and Primary Health Care BoardAbstract Background Dengue fever (DF) poses a growing global threat, necessitating a comprehensive one-health approach to address its complex interplay between human, animal, and environmental factors. In Oyo State, Nigeria, the true burden of DF remains unknown due to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis as malaria, exacerbated by poor health-seeking behavior, weak surveillance systems, and inadequate health infrastructure. Adopting a one-health approach is crucial to understanding the dynamics of DF transmission. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to April 2023 in 10 high-risk LGAs of Oyo State. It involved screening DENV in 289 febrile human blood samples and 1,015 Aedes species mosquitoes. Viral RNA from human and mosquito specimens was extracted and analyzed using RT-qPCR. A one-step lateral flow immunoassay cassette test kit detected DENV-specific IgM and IgG in humans. DENV IgM-positive participants were screened for Lassa Virus (LASV) to rule out coinfection due to an outbreak of Lassa fever. Mosquitoes recovered were morphologically identified and classified using appropriate taxonomical keys. Meteorological data was obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency. Data was abridged as proportions and correlation analysis was performed. Result The overall seroprevalence of DENV was 128/289 (44.2%) with 19/289 (6.6%) and 109/289 (37.7%) being IgM and IgG positive respectively. DENV was detected all year round with more cases in the rainy season. LASV and DENV coinfection were detected in a participant. DENV RT-qPCR analysis in febrile patients and mosquitoes was negative. There was a high abundance of Aedes aegypti (79.5%) in all the locations surveyed with Aedes albopictus (12.3%) detected in Ido LGA and Ibadan South-East LGA and Aedes simpsoni (9.1%) in Iwajowa LGA. DF shows moderate to strong positive correlations with Aedes mosquito population, humidity, and rainfall (r = 0.419–0.61, p < 0.05), and a negative correlation with temperature (r =—0.465, p < 0.05). Conclusion The study reveals a significant burden of DENV in Oyo State. The presence of both IgM and IgG antibodies suggests past exposure and possible recent circulation of the virus. The co-detection of LASV and DENV in one participant highlights the likely potential for co-infection. Although DENV was not detected in febrile patients and mosquitoes through RT-qPCR, the high abundance of Aedes species underscores the risk of transmission. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance systems, strengthened laboratory services, targeted vector control, and increased awareness.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-024-00121-9Dengue FeverAedes mosquitoMeteorological parametersSurveillanceDiagnosis |
| spellingShingle | Olawale Sunday Animasaun Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Busayo Kayode Akomolafe Olamide Priscilla Animasaun Piring’ar Mercy Niyang Olukemi Titilope Olugbade Akinfemi Oyewumi Akinyode Ibukun Akinsola Omisakin Adedapo Olufemi Adeogun Rosemary Ajuma Audu Enhancing surveillance for dengue fever in Oyo State, Nigeria – a one health approach One Health Outlook Dengue Fever Aedes mosquito Meteorological parameters Surveillance Diagnosis |
| title | Enhancing surveillance for dengue fever in Oyo State, Nigeria – a one health approach |
| title_full | Enhancing surveillance for dengue fever in Oyo State, Nigeria – a one health approach |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing surveillance for dengue fever in Oyo State, Nigeria – a one health approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing surveillance for dengue fever in Oyo State, Nigeria – a one health approach |
| title_short | Enhancing surveillance for dengue fever in Oyo State, Nigeria – a one health approach |
| title_sort | enhancing surveillance for dengue fever in oyo state nigeria a one health approach |
| topic | Dengue Fever Aedes mosquito Meteorological parameters Surveillance Diagnosis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-024-00121-9 |
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