Accuracy of a step counter during treadmill and daily life walking by healthy adults and patients with cardiac disease
Background Step counters have been used to observe activity and support physical activity, but there is limited evidence on their accuracy.Objective The purpose was to investigate the step accuracy of the Fitbit Zip (Zip) in healthy adults during treadmill walking and in patients with cardiac diseas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2017-03-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/3/e011742.full |
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| _version_ | 1832086476336136192 |
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| author | Erik Elgaard Sørensen John Hansen Charlotte Brun Thorup Mette Grønkjær Jan Jesper Andreasen Birthe Irene Dinesen |
| author_facet | Erik Elgaard Sørensen John Hansen Charlotte Brun Thorup Mette Grønkjær Jan Jesper Andreasen Birthe Irene Dinesen |
| author_sort | Erik Elgaard Sørensen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Step counters have been used to observe activity and support physical activity, but there is limited evidence on their accuracy.Objective The purpose was to investigate the step accuracy of the Fitbit Zip (Zip) in healthy adults during treadmill walking and in patients with cardiac disease while hospitalised at home.Methods Twenty healthy adults aged 39±13.79 (mean ±SD) wore four Zips while walking on a treadmill at different speeds (1.7–6.1 km/hour), and 24 patients with cardiac disease (age 67±10.03) wore a Zip for 24 hours during hospitalisation and for 4 weeks thereafter at home. A Shimmer3 device was used as a criterion standard.Results At a treadmill speed of 3.6 km/hour, the relative error (±SD) for the Zips on the upper body was −0.02±0.67 on the right side and −0.09 (0.67) on the left side. For the Zips on the waist, this was 0.08±0.71 for the right side and -0.08 (0.47) on the left side. At a treadmill speed of 3.6 km/hour and higher, the average per cent of relative error was <3%. The 24-hour test for the hospitalised patients showed a relative error of −47.15±24.11 (interclass correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.60), and for the 24-hour test at home, the relative error was −27.51±28.78 (ICC: 0.87). Thus, none of the 24-hour tests had less than the expected 20% error. In time periods of evident walking during the 24 h test, the Zip had an average per cent relative error of <3% at 3.6 km/hour and higher speeds.Conclusions A speed of 3.6 km/hour or higher is required to expect acceptable accuracy in step measurement using a Zip, on a treadmill and in real life. Inaccuracies are directly related to slow speeds, which might be a problem for patients with cardiac disease who walk at a slow pace. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f502792a053942aa9bf6dd79e8e60029 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-03-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-f502792a053942aa9bf6dd79e8e600292025-02-06T15:50:11ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552017-03-017310.1136/bmjopen-2016-011742Accuracy of a step counter during treadmill and daily life walking by healthy adults and patients with cardiac diseaseErik Elgaard Sørensen0John Hansen1Charlotte Brun Thorup2Mette Grønkjær3Jan Jesper Andreasen4Birthe Irene Dinesen53 Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DenmarkLaboratory for Cardio-Technology, Medical Informatics Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DenmarkClinical Nursing Research Unit and Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark3 Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, DenmarkHealth Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DenmarkBackground Step counters have been used to observe activity and support physical activity, but there is limited evidence on their accuracy.Objective The purpose was to investigate the step accuracy of the Fitbit Zip (Zip) in healthy adults during treadmill walking and in patients with cardiac disease while hospitalised at home.Methods Twenty healthy adults aged 39±13.79 (mean ±SD) wore four Zips while walking on a treadmill at different speeds (1.7–6.1 km/hour), and 24 patients with cardiac disease (age 67±10.03) wore a Zip for 24 hours during hospitalisation and for 4 weeks thereafter at home. A Shimmer3 device was used as a criterion standard.Results At a treadmill speed of 3.6 km/hour, the relative error (±SD) for the Zips on the upper body was −0.02±0.67 on the right side and −0.09 (0.67) on the left side. For the Zips on the waist, this was 0.08±0.71 for the right side and -0.08 (0.47) on the left side. At a treadmill speed of 3.6 km/hour and higher, the average per cent of relative error was <3%. The 24-hour test for the hospitalised patients showed a relative error of −47.15±24.11 (interclass correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.60), and for the 24-hour test at home, the relative error was −27.51±28.78 (ICC: 0.87). Thus, none of the 24-hour tests had less than the expected 20% error. In time periods of evident walking during the 24 h test, the Zip had an average per cent relative error of <3% at 3.6 km/hour and higher speeds.Conclusions A speed of 3.6 km/hour or higher is required to expect acceptable accuracy in step measurement using a Zip, on a treadmill and in real life. Inaccuracies are directly related to slow speeds, which might be a problem for patients with cardiac disease who walk at a slow pace.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/3/e011742.full |
| spellingShingle | Erik Elgaard Sørensen John Hansen Charlotte Brun Thorup Mette Grønkjær Jan Jesper Andreasen Birthe Irene Dinesen Accuracy of a step counter during treadmill and daily life walking by healthy adults and patients with cardiac disease BMJ Open |
| title | Accuracy of a step counter during treadmill and daily life walking by healthy adults and patients with cardiac disease |
| title_full | Accuracy of a step counter during treadmill and daily life walking by healthy adults and patients with cardiac disease |
| title_fullStr | Accuracy of a step counter during treadmill and daily life walking by healthy adults and patients with cardiac disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accuracy of a step counter during treadmill and daily life walking by healthy adults and patients with cardiac disease |
| title_short | Accuracy of a step counter during treadmill and daily life walking by healthy adults and patients with cardiac disease |
| title_sort | accuracy of a step counter during treadmill and daily life walking by healthy adults and patients with cardiac disease |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/3/e011742.full |
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