Universal Quantum Dynamics of Bose Polarons
Predicting the emergent properties of impurities immersed in a quantum bath is a fundamental challenge that can defy quasiparticle treatments. Here, we measure the spectral properties and real-time dynamics of mobile impurities injected into a weakly interacting homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate,...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Physical Society
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Physical Review X |
| Online Access: | http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.15.021070 |
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| _version_ | 1849763288478384128 |
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| author | Jiří Etrych Gevorg Martirosyan Alec Cao Christopher J. Ho Zoran Hadzibabic Christoph Eigen |
| author_facet | Jiří Etrych Gevorg Martirosyan Alec Cao Christopher J. Ho Zoran Hadzibabic Christoph Eigen |
| author_sort | Jiří Etrych |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Predicting the emergent properties of impurities immersed in a quantum bath is a fundamental challenge that can defy quasiparticle treatments. Here, we measure the spectral properties and real-time dynamics of mobile impurities injected into a weakly interacting homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate, using two broad Feshbach resonances to tune both the impurity-bath and intrabath interactions. For attractive impurity-bath interactions, the impurity spectrum features a single branch, which away from the resonance corresponds to a well-defined attractive polaron; near the resonance, we observe dramatic broadening of this branch, suggesting a breakdown of the quasiparticle picture. For repulsive impurity-bath interactions, the spectrum features two branches: the attractive branch that is dominated by excitations with energy close to that of the Feshbach dimer, but has a many-body character, and the repulsive polaron branch. Our measurements show that the behavior of impurities in weakly interacting baths is remarkably universal, controlled only by the bath density and a single dimensionless interaction parameter. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f4bd90c46d95440ea5a96e98fc89eef6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2160-3308 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | American Physical Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Physical Review X |
| spelling | doaj-art-f4bd90c46d95440ea5a96e98fc89eef62025-08-20T03:05:27ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review X2160-33082025-05-0115202107010.1103/PhysRevX.15.021070Universal Quantum Dynamics of Bose PolaronsJiří EtrychGevorg MartirosyanAlec CaoChristopher J. HoZoran HadzibabicChristoph EigenPredicting the emergent properties of impurities immersed in a quantum bath is a fundamental challenge that can defy quasiparticle treatments. Here, we measure the spectral properties and real-time dynamics of mobile impurities injected into a weakly interacting homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate, using two broad Feshbach resonances to tune both the impurity-bath and intrabath interactions. For attractive impurity-bath interactions, the impurity spectrum features a single branch, which away from the resonance corresponds to a well-defined attractive polaron; near the resonance, we observe dramatic broadening of this branch, suggesting a breakdown of the quasiparticle picture. For repulsive impurity-bath interactions, the spectrum features two branches: the attractive branch that is dominated by excitations with energy close to that of the Feshbach dimer, but has a many-body character, and the repulsive polaron branch. Our measurements show that the behavior of impurities in weakly interacting baths is remarkably universal, controlled only by the bath density and a single dimensionless interaction parameter.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.15.021070 |
| spellingShingle | Jiří Etrych Gevorg Martirosyan Alec Cao Christopher J. Ho Zoran Hadzibabic Christoph Eigen Universal Quantum Dynamics of Bose Polarons Physical Review X |
| title | Universal Quantum Dynamics of Bose Polarons |
| title_full | Universal Quantum Dynamics of Bose Polarons |
| title_fullStr | Universal Quantum Dynamics of Bose Polarons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Universal Quantum Dynamics of Bose Polarons |
| title_short | Universal Quantum Dynamics of Bose Polarons |
| title_sort | universal quantum dynamics of bose polarons |
| url | http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.15.021070 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jirietrych universalquantumdynamicsofbosepolarons AT gevorgmartirosyan universalquantumdynamicsofbosepolarons AT aleccao universalquantumdynamicsofbosepolarons AT christopherjho universalquantumdynamicsofbosepolarons AT zoranhadzibabic universalquantumdynamicsofbosepolarons AT christopheigen universalquantumdynamicsofbosepolarons |