Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation in children and adolescents in Norway: a nationwide population-based study
Objective To determine risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation among children and adolescents.Design Nationwide, population-based cohort study.Setting Norway from 1 March 2020 to 30 November 2021.Participants All Norwegian residents<18 years of age.Main outcome measures Popu...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2022-03-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/3/e056549.full |
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| author | German Tapia Ketil Størdal Margrethe Greve-Isdahl Hanne Løvdal Gulseth Paz Lopez-Doriga Ruiz Pål Suren Per Kristian Knudsen |
| author_facet | German Tapia Ketil Størdal Margrethe Greve-Isdahl Hanne Løvdal Gulseth Paz Lopez-Doriga Ruiz Pål Suren Per Kristian Knudsen |
| author_sort | German Tapia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective To determine risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation among children and adolescents.Design Nationwide, population-based cohort study.Setting Norway from 1 March 2020 to 30 November 2021.Participants All Norwegian residents<18 years of age.Main outcome measures Population-based healthcare and population registries were used to study risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, including socioeconomic factors, country of origin and pre-existing chronic comorbidities. All residents were followed until age 18 years, emigration, death or end of follow-up. HRs estimated by Cox regression models were adjusted for testing frequency. Further, risk factors for admission to the hospital among the infected were investigated.Results Of 1 219 184 residents, 82 734 (6.7%) tested positive by PCR or lateral flow tests, of whom 241 (0.29%) were admitted to a hospital. Low family income (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.30), crowded housing (1.27, 1.24 to 1.30), household size, age, non-Nordic country of origin (1.63, 1.60 to 1.66) and area of living were independent risk factors for infection. Chronic comorbidity was associated with a slightly lower risk of infection (aHR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.93). Chronic comorbidity was associated with hospitalisation (aHR 3.46, 95% CI 2.50 to 4.80), in addition to age, whereas socioeconomic status and country of origin did not predict hospitalisation among those infected.Conclusions Socioeconomic factors, country of origin and area of living were associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, these factors did not predict hospitalisation among those infected. Chronic comorbidity was associated with higher risk of admission but slightly lower overall risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f443ea6a94de4b0fbc2297b502dd9687 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
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| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-f443ea6a94de4b0fbc2297b502dd96872025-08-20T02:17:40ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552022-03-0112310.1136/bmjopen-2021-056549Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation in children and adolescents in Norway: a nationwide population-based studyGerman Tapia0Ketil Størdal1Margrethe Greve-Isdahl2Hanne Løvdal Gulseth3Paz Lopez-Doriga Ruiz4Pål Suren5Per Kristian Knudsen6Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, NorwayDivision of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, NorwayDivision of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, NorwayNorwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, NorwayDivision of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, NorwayDivision of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, NorwayChildrens Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayObjective To determine risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation among children and adolescents.Design Nationwide, population-based cohort study.Setting Norway from 1 March 2020 to 30 November 2021.Participants All Norwegian residents<18 years of age.Main outcome measures Population-based healthcare and population registries were used to study risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, including socioeconomic factors, country of origin and pre-existing chronic comorbidities. All residents were followed until age 18 years, emigration, death or end of follow-up. HRs estimated by Cox regression models were adjusted for testing frequency. Further, risk factors for admission to the hospital among the infected were investigated.Results Of 1 219 184 residents, 82 734 (6.7%) tested positive by PCR or lateral flow tests, of whom 241 (0.29%) were admitted to a hospital. Low family income (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.30), crowded housing (1.27, 1.24 to 1.30), household size, age, non-Nordic country of origin (1.63, 1.60 to 1.66) and area of living were independent risk factors for infection. Chronic comorbidity was associated with a slightly lower risk of infection (aHR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.93). Chronic comorbidity was associated with hospitalisation (aHR 3.46, 95% CI 2.50 to 4.80), in addition to age, whereas socioeconomic status and country of origin did not predict hospitalisation among those infected.Conclusions Socioeconomic factors, country of origin and area of living were associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, these factors did not predict hospitalisation among those infected. Chronic comorbidity was associated with higher risk of admission but slightly lower overall risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/3/e056549.full |
| spellingShingle | German Tapia Ketil Størdal Margrethe Greve-Isdahl Hanne Løvdal Gulseth Paz Lopez-Doriga Ruiz Pål Suren Per Kristian Knudsen Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation in children and adolescents in Norway: a nationwide population-based study BMJ Open |
| title | Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation in children and adolescents in Norway: a nationwide population-based study |
| title_full | Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation in children and adolescents in Norway: a nationwide population-based study |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation in children and adolescents in Norway: a nationwide population-based study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation in children and adolescents in Norway: a nationwide population-based study |
| title_short | Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation in children and adolescents in Norway: a nationwide population-based study |
| title_sort | risk factors for sars cov 2 infection and hospitalisation in children and adolescents in norway a nationwide population based study |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/3/e056549.full |
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