Metabolic diseases in cattle
The main trend in the development of dairy farming in the Russian Federation suggests maximising milk yield and reducing milk net cost. The economic effectiveness of industrial dairy farming is largely determined by adequate feeding, as well as effective system of measures to ensure animal health an...
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| Language: | English |
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Da Vinci Media
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Ветеринария сегодня |
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| Online Access: | https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/569 |
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| author | V. A. Mischenko A. V. Mischenko R. V. Yashin V. A. Yevgrafova T. B. Nikeshina |
| author_facet | V. A. Mischenko A. V. Mischenko R. V. Yashin V. A. Yevgrafova T. B. Nikeshina |
| author_sort | V. A. Mischenko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main trend in the development of dairy farming in the Russian Federation suggests maximising milk yield and reducing milk net cost. The economic effectiveness of industrial dairy farming is largely determined by adequate feeding, as well as effective system of measures to ensure animal health and prevent infectious and non-infectious mass diseases. The main reason for the premature retirement of highly productive cows is based on the factors typical of the intensive technologies used in dairy cattle breeding, which lead to the occurrence of metabolic diseases. It is established that the intensity of metabolism is directly linked to the high productivity of cows. With a highly concentrated, mainly silage-based type of feeding, an imbalance of nutrients is often recorded, in particular as regards the sugar/ protein ratio, leading to deep metabolic disorders and the development of immunodeficiency states. Metabolic disorders in highly productive cows occur as a result of unbalanced diets as far as protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals are concerned. Acidosis, ruminitis and hepatosis are recorded in disordered cows and heifers. The service period exceeds 100 days in 70–75% of cows. Hepatosis and immunodeficiency states are often found in calves born to cows with signs of deep metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders often remain unnoticed and become apparent only when pronounced pathological changes occur resulting in decreased productivity and ability to reproduce resistant young animals, as well as culling of animals. Metabolic diseases were recorded in 30–70% of cows examined in large dairy farms. The average lifetime productivity of high-yielding cows is (2.1 ± 0.15) lactations in Russia. The results of epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing of sera samples showed that emulsion inactivated vaccines administered to immunodeficient cattle induce higher titres of virus-specific antibodies than those in animals vaccinated with adsorbed vaccines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f3c2e71f81074608812dffe0aaa4c1c1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-196X 2658-6959 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Da Vinci Media |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ветеринария сегодня |
| spelling | doaj-art-f3c2e71f81074608812dffe0aaa4c1c12025-02-06T09:52:08ZengDa Vinci MediaВетеринария сегодня2304-196X2658-69592021-08-0110318418910.29326/2304-196X-2021-3-38-184-189516Metabolic diseases in cattleV. A. Mischenko0A. V. Mischenko1R. V. Yashin2V. A. Yevgrafova3T. B. Nikeshina4FGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”)FGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”)FGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”)FGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”)FGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”)The main trend in the development of dairy farming in the Russian Federation suggests maximising milk yield and reducing milk net cost. The economic effectiveness of industrial dairy farming is largely determined by adequate feeding, as well as effective system of measures to ensure animal health and prevent infectious and non-infectious mass diseases. The main reason for the premature retirement of highly productive cows is based on the factors typical of the intensive technologies used in dairy cattle breeding, which lead to the occurrence of metabolic diseases. It is established that the intensity of metabolism is directly linked to the high productivity of cows. With a highly concentrated, mainly silage-based type of feeding, an imbalance of nutrients is often recorded, in particular as regards the sugar/ protein ratio, leading to deep metabolic disorders and the development of immunodeficiency states. Metabolic disorders in highly productive cows occur as a result of unbalanced diets as far as protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals are concerned. Acidosis, ruminitis and hepatosis are recorded in disordered cows and heifers. The service period exceeds 100 days in 70–75% of cows. Hepatosis and immunodeficiency states are often found in calves born to cows with signs of deep metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders often remain unnoticed and become apparent only when pronounced pathological changes occur resulting in decreased productivity and ability to reproduce resistant young animals, as well as culling of animals. Metabolic diseases were recorded in 30–70% of cows examined in large dairy farms. The average lifetime productivity of high-yielding cows is (2.1 ± 0.15) lactations in Russia. The results of epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing of sera samples showed that emulsion inactivated vaccines administered to immunodeficient cattle induce higher titres of virus-specific antibodies than those in animals vaccinated with adsorbed vaccines.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/569reviewcattlemetabolic diseasesmetabolic disordersfiberacidosisliver dystrophybiogeochemical zonesmetabolic immunodeficiencyhypomicroelementosesrumenhigh-concentration feedingemulsion inactivated antiviral vaccinesbiogeochemical provinces |
| spellingShingle | V. A. Mischenko A. V. Mischenko R. V. Yashin V. A. Yevgrafova T. B. Nikeshina Metabolic diseases in cattle Ветеринария сегодня review cattle metabolic diseases metabolic disorders fiber acidosis liver dystrophy biogeochemical zones metabolic immunodeficiency hypomicroelementoses rumen high-concentration feeding emulsion inactivated antiviral vaccines biogeochemical provinces |
| title | Metabolic diseases in cattle |
| title_full | Metabolic diseases in cattle |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic diseases in cattle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic diseases in cattle |
| title_short | Metabolic diseases in cattle |
| title_sort | metabolic diseases in cattle |
| topic | review cattle metabolic diseases metabolic disorders fiber acidosis liver dystrophy biogeochemical zones metabolic immunodeficiency hypomicroelementoses rumen high-concentration feeding emulsion inactivated antiviral vaccines biogeochemical provinces |
| url | https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/569 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vamischenko metabolicdiseasesincattle AT avmischenko metabolicdiseasesincattle AT rvyashin metabolicdiseasesincattle AT vayevgrafova metabolicdiseasesincattle AT tbnikeshina metabolicdiseasesincattle |