Natural polymers for vaginal mucoadhesive delivery of vinegar, using design of experiment methods

Background/Aim. Vinegar is one of the main international traditional nutraceuticals, and it has been used as a vaginal health protectant due to vagina pH balance maintenance and antimicrobial properties. Since the main form of vinegar is liquid, it is difficult to apply vaginally due to its short re...

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Main Authors: Parvinroo Shirin, Eslami Maede, Ebrahimi-Najafabadi Heshmatollah, Hesari Zahra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Serbia, University of Defence, Belgrade 2022-01-01
Series:Vojnosanitetski Pregled
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Online Access:http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0042-8450/2022/0042-84502000121P.pdf
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author Parvinroo Shirin
Eslami Maede
Ebrahimi-Najafabadi Heshmatollah
Hesari Zahra
author_facet Parvinroo Shirin
Eslami Maede
Ebrahimi-Najafabadi Heshmatollah
Hesari Zahra
author_sort Parvinroo Shirin
collection DOAJ
description Background/Aim. Vinegar is one of the main international traditional nutraceuticals, and it has been used as a vaginal health protectant due to vagina pH balance maintenance and antimicrobial properties. Since the main form of vinegar is liquid, it is difficult to apply vaginally due to its short retention. The aim of this study was to design a vaginal mucoadhesive gel made of vinegar. Methods. Xanthan gum and tragacanth were utilized as natural gel-forming polymers. The effects of xanthan gum and tragacanth on mucoadhesion strength and drug release of the gel formulations were optimized using a 3 level (32) factorial design. Several physico-chemical properties of the gel formulations, including gel viscosity, lubricity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of hydrogel chains, and chain release kinetic, were also investigated. Results. It was found that tragacanth possessed a statistically significant effect on release rate control (p-value = 0.0027), while both tragacanth and xanthan gum had a significant effect (p-value = 0.0001 and 0.0017, respectively) on mucoadhesion property. Formulation F7 with 5% xanthan gum and 1% tragacanth (mucoadhesion = 0.4632 N and re-lease rate = 88.8% in 6 hours) considered as the optimum formulation with some modifications. Conclusion. Xanthan gum and tragacanth can be considered as appropriate natural polymers for vaginal drug delivery.
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spelling doaj-art-f3b9e48e69fd43ce933a831a53b5b36e2025-08-20T03:20:00ZengMinistry of Defence of the Republic of Serbia, University of Defence, BelgradeVojnosanitetski Pregled0042-84502406-07202022-01-0179433734410.2298/VSP200804121P0042-84502000121PNatural polymers for vaginal mucoadhesive delivery of vinegar, using design of experiment methodsParvinroo Shirin0Eslami Maede1Ebrahimi-Najafabadi Heshmatollah2Hesari Zahra3Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Rasht, IranGuilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Rasht, IranGuilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rasht, IranGuilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Rasht, Iran + Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Rasht, IranBackground/Aim. Vinegar is one of the main international traditional nutraceuticals, and it has been used as a vaginal health protectant due to vagina pH balance maintenance and antimicrobial properties. Since the main form of vinegar is liquid, it is difficult to apply vaginally due to its short retention. The aim of this study was to design a vaginal mucoadhesive gel made of vinegar. Methods. Xanthan gum and tragacanth were utilized as natural gel-forming polymers. The effects of xanthan gum and tragacanth on mucoadhesion strength and drug release of the gel formulations were optimized using a 3 level (32) factorial design. Several physico-chemical properties of the gel formulations, including gel viscosity, lubricity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of hydrogel chains, and chain release kinetic, were also investigated. Results. It was found that tragacanth possessed a statistically significant effect on release rate control (p-value = 0.0027), while both tragacanth and xanthan gum had a significant effect (p-value = 0.0001 and 0.0017, respectively) on mucoadhesion property. Formulation F7 with 5% xanthan gum and 1% tragacanth (mucoadhesion = 0.4632 N and re-lease rate = 88.8% in 6 hours) considered as the optimum formulation with some modifications. Conclusion. Xanthan gum and tragacanth can be considered as appropriate natural polymers for vaginal drug delivery.http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0042-8450/2022/0042-84502000121P.pdfacetic acidgelspolymerstragacanthvaginal creams, foams, jelliesxanthan gum
spellingShingle Parvinroo Shirin
Eslami Maede
Ebrahimi-Najafabadi Heshmatollah
Hesari Zahra
Natural polymers for vaginal mucoadhesive delivery of vinegar, using design of experiment methods
Vojnosanitetski Pregled
acetic acid
gels
polymers
tragacanth
vaginal creams, foams, jellies
xanthan gum
title Natural polymers for vaginal mucoadhesive delivery of vinegar, using design of experiment methods
title_full Natural polymers for vaginal mucoadhesive delivery of vinegar, using design of experiment methods
title_fullStr Natural polymers for vaginal mucoadhesive delivery of vinegar, using design of experiment methods
title_full_unstemmed Natural polymers for vaginal mucoadhesive delivery of vinegar, using design of experiment methods
title_short Natural polymers for vaginal mucoadhesive delivery of vinegar, using design of experiment methods
title_sort natural polymers for vaginal mucoadhesive delivery of vinegar using design of experiment methods
topic acetic acid
gels
polymers
tragacanth
vaginal creams, foams, jellies
xanthan gum
url http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0042-8450/2022/0042-84502000121P.pdf
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AT ebrahiminajafabadiheshmatollah naturalpolymersforvaginalmucoadhesivedeliveryofvinegarusingdesignofexperimentmethods
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