QKD protected fiber-based infrastructure for time dissemination

Abstract In this study, we demonstrate the possibility to protect, with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a critical infrastructure as the fiber-based one used for time and frequency (TF) dissemination service. The proposed technique allows to disseminate secure and precise TF signals between two fibe...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alice Meda, Alberto Mura, Salvatore Virzì, Alessio Avella, Filippo Levi, Ivo Pietro Degiovanni, Andrea Geraldi, Mauro Valeri, Silvia Di Bartolo, Tommaso Catuogno, Mattia Verducci, Marco Genovese, Davide Calonico
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97480-8
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Summary:Abstract In this study, we demonstrate the possibility to protect, with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a critical infrastructure as the fiber-based one used for time and frequency (TF) dissemination service. The proposed technique allows to disseminate secure and precise TF signals between two fiber-optic-connected locations, on a critical infrastructure, using both QKD and White Rabbit technique. This secure exchange enables the secret sharing of time information between two parties, allowing the synchronization of distant clocks with a stability of $$10^{-10}$$ at 1 s, traceable to the Italian time scale. When encrypted, the time signals provide no useful information to a third party regarding the synchronization status, resulting in a time stability degraded by two orders of magnitude.
ISSN:2045-2322