Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Ratio as Prognostic Factors for Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the male population. To determine the aggressiveness of suspected lesions precisely, predictive models are increasingly being developed using quantitative MRI measurements, and particularly the ADC value. This study aimed to determi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Arvids Buss, Maija Radzina, Mara Liepa, Edgars Birkenfelds, Laura Saule, Karlis Miculis, Madara Mikelsone, Egils Vjaters
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Diagnostics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/21/2438
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850193479683014656
author Arvids Buss
Maija Radzina
Mara Liepa
Edgars Birkenfelds
Laura Saule
Karlis Miculis
Madara Mikelsone
Egils Vjaters
author_facet Arvids Buss
Maija Radzina
Mara Liepa
Edgars Birkenfelds
Laura Saule
Karlis Miculis
Madara Mikelsone
Egils Vjaters
author_sort Arvids Buss
collection DOAJ
description Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the male population. To determine the aggressiveness of suspected lesions precisely, predictive models are increasingly being developed using quantitative MRI measurements, and particularly the ADC value. This study aimed to determine whether ADC values could be used to establish the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. Methods: A retrospective single-center study included 398 patients with prostate cancer who underwent a multiparametric MRI prior to radical prostatectomy. DWI ADC values were measured (µm<sup>2</sup>/s) using b values of 50 and 1000. The dominant lesion best visualized on MRI was analyzed. The ADC values of the index lesion and reference tissue were compared to tumor aggressivity according to the Gleason grade groups based on radical prostatectomy results. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, Spearman’s rank correlation, and ROC curves. Results: A very strong negative correlation (<i>rs</i> = −0.846, <i>p</i> < 0.001) between ADC and GS was found. ROC analysis revealed an AUC of 0.958 and an ADC threshold value of 758 µm<sup>2</sup>/s in clinically significant prostate cancer diagnoses using the absolute ADC value, with no advantage of using the ADC ratio over the absolute ADC value being identified. Conclusion: DWI ADC values and the calculated ADC ratio have a significant inverse correlation with GS. The findings indicate a strong capability in determining prostate cancer aggressiveness, as well as the possibility of assisting with assigning PI-RADS categories using ADC as quantitative metrics.
format Article
id doaj-art-f32dcbbc5b7c4271a3a81763b0334e1a
institution OA Journals
issn 2075-4418
language English
publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Diagnostics
spelling doaj-art-f32dcbbc5b7c4271a3a81763b0334e1a2025-08-20T02:14:15ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-10-011421243810.3390/diagnostics14212438Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Ratio as Prognostic Factors for Prostate Cancer AggressivenessArvids Buss0Maija Radzina1Mara Liepa2Edgars Birkenfelds3Laura Saule4Karlis Miculis5Madara Mikelsone6Egils Vjaters7Radiology Research Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaRadiology Research Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaRadiology Research Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaDiagnostic Radiology Institute, Paula Stradina Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, LatviaRadiology Research Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaCenter of Urology, Paula Stradina Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Statistics, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaMedical Faculty, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, LatviaBackground: Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the male population. To determine the aggressiveness of suspected lesions precisely, predictive models are increasingly being developed using quantitative MRI measurements, and particularly the ADC value. This study aimed to determine whether ADC values could be used to establish the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. Methods: A retrospective single-center study included 398 patients with prostate cancer who underwent a multiparametric MRI prior to radical prostatectomy. DWI ADC values were measured (µm<sup>2</sup>/s) using b values of 50 and 1000. The dominant lesion best visualized on MRI was analyzed. The ADC values of the index lesion and reference tissue were compared to tumor aggressivity according to the Gleason grade groups based on radical prostatectomy results. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, Spearman’s rank correlation, and ROC curves. Results: A very strong negative correlation (<i>rs</i> = −0.846, <i>p</i> < 0.001) between ADC and GS was found. ROC analysis revealed an AUC of 0.958 and an ADC threshold value of 758 µm<sup>2</sup>/s in clinically significant prostate cancer diagnoses using the absolute ADC value, with no advantage of using the ADC ratio over the absolute ADC value being identified. Conclusion: DWI ADC values and the calculated ADC ratio have a significant inverse correlation with GS. The findings indicate a strong capability in determining prostate cancer aggressiveness, as well as the possibility of assisting with assigning PI-RADS categories using ADC as quantitative metrics.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/21/2438ADC valueADC ratioprostate cancermultiparametric MRIGStumor aggressiveness
spellingShingle Arvids Buss
Maija Radzina
Mara Liepa
Edgars Birkenfelds
Laura Saule
Karlis Miculis
Madara Mikelsone
Egils Vjaters
Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Ratio as Prognostic Factors for Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness
Diagnostics
ADC value
ADC ratio
prostate cancer
multiparametric MRI
GS
tumor aggressiveness
title Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Ratio as Prognostic Factors for Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness
title_full Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Ratio as Prognostic Factors for Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness
title_fullStr Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Ratio as Prognostic Factors for Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness
title_full_unstemmed Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Ratio as Prognostic Factors for Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness
title_short Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Ratio as Prognostic Factors for Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness
title_sort role of apparent diffusion coefficient value and apparent diffusion coefficient ratio as prognostic factors for prostate cancer aggressiveness
topic ADC value
ADC ratio
prostate cancer
multiparametric MRI
GS
tumor aggressiveness
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/21/2438
work_keys_str_mv AT arvidsbuss roleofapparentdiffusioncoefficientvalueandapparentdiffusioncoefficientratioasprognosticfactorsforprostatecanceraggressiveness
AT maijaradzina roleofapparentdiffusioncoefficientvalueandapparentdiffusioncoefficientratioasprognosticfactorsforprostatecanceraggressiveness
AT maraliepa roleofapparentdiffusioncoefficientvalueandapparentdiffusioncoefficientratioasprognosticfactorsforprostatecanceraggressiveness
AT edgarsbirkenfelds roleofapparentdiffusioncoefficientvalueandapparentdiffusioncoefficientratioasprognosticfactorsforprostatecanceraggressiveness
AT laurasaule roleofapparentdiffusioncoefficientvalueandapparentdiffusioncoefficientratioasprognosticfactorsforprostatecanceraggressiveness
AT karlismiculis roleofapparentdiffusioncoefficientvalueandapparentdiffusioncoefficientratioasprognosticfactorsforprostatecanceraggressiveness
AT madaramikelsone roleofapparentdiffusioncoefficientvalueandapparentdiffusioncoefficientratioasprognosticfactorsforprostatecanceraggressiveness
AT egilsvjaters roleofapparentdiffusioncoefficientvalueandapparentdiffusioncoefficientratioasprognosticfactorsforprostatecanceraggressiveness