Bacterial Diversity in Native Heart Valves in Infective Endocarditis
<b>Background:</b> Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infectious disease caused by the hematogenous dissemination of bacteria into heart valves. Improving the identification of pathogens that cause IE is important to increase the effectiveness of its therapy and reduce the mortality cause...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Anna Sinitskaya Alexander Kostyunin Maxim Asanov Maria Khutornaya Anastasia Klyueva Alyona Poddubnyak Alexey Tupikin Marsel Kabilov Maxim Sinitsky |
| author_facet | Anna Sinitskaya Alexander Kostyunin Maxim Asanov Maria Khutornaya Anastasia Klyueva Alyona Poddubnyak Alexey Tupikin Marsel Kabilov Maxim Sinitsky |
| author_sort | Anna Sinitskaya |
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| description | <b>Background:</b> Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infectious disease caused by the hematogenous dissemination of bacteria into heart valves. Improving the identification of pathogens that cause IE is important to increase the effectiveness of its therapy and reduce the mortality caused by this pathology. <b>Methods:</b> Ten native heart valves obtained from IE patients undergoing heart valve replacements were analyzed. Bacterial invasion in the heart valves was studied by Gram staining of histological sections. Histopathological changes accompanied with bacterial invasion were studied by immunohistochemical analysis of pan-leukocyte marker CD45, platelet marker CD41, and neutrophil myeloperoxidase. The taxonomic diversity of the bacteria was analyzed using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. <b>Results:</b> Gram staining of the histological sections revealed bacterial cells localized on the atrial surface at the leaflet’s free edge or on the ventricular surface at the leaflet’s base within fibrin deposits in only three of the studied heart valves. Bacterial colonies were co-localized with microthrombi (CD41<sup>+</sup> cells) containing single leucocytes (CD45<sup>+</sup> cells), represented by segmented neutrophils. As a result of 16S rRNA metabarcoding, we detected the following bacterial genera: <i>Pseudomonas</i> (70% of the studied heart valves), <i>Roseateles</i> (60%), <i>Acinetobacter</i> (40%), <i>Sphingomonas</i> (40%), <i>Enterococcus</i> (30%), <i>Reyranella</i> (20%), <i>Sphingobium</i> (20%), <i>Streptococcus</i> (20%), <i>Agrobacterium</i> (20%), <i>Ralstonia</i> (10%), and <i>Bacillus</i> (10%). <b>Conclusions:</b> A number of opportunistic microorganisms that could not be detected by routine laboratory tests and were not eliminated during antibiotic therapy were identified in the IE-affected heart valves. The obtained results show the importance of 16S rRNA metabarcoding of heart valves removed due to IE not only as an independent diagnostic method but also as a highly accurate approach that complements routine tests for pathogen identification. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-f2b854d9ad5f46b7b91b8fd0c6a6adf32025-01-24T13:24:32ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-01-0113124510.3390/biomedicines13010245Bacterial Diversity in Native Heart Valves in Infective EndocarditisAnna Sinitskaya0Alexander Kostyunin1Maxim Asanov2Maria Khutornaya3Anastasia Klyueva4Alyona Poddubnyak5Alexey Tupikin6Marsel Kabilov7Maxim Sinitsky8Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, RussiaLaboratory of Novel Biomaterials, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, RussiaLaboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, RussiaLaboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, RussiaLaboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, RussiaLaboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, RussiaInstitute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaInstitute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaLaboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia<b>Background:</b> Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infectious disease caused by the hematogenous dissemination of bacteria into heart valves. Improving the identification of pathogens that cause IE is important to increase the effectiveness of its therapy and reduce the mortality caused by this pathology. <b>Methods:</b> Ten native heart valves obtained from IE patients undergoing heart valve replacements were analyzed. Bacterial invasion in the heart valves was studied by Gram staining of histological sections. Histopathological changes accompanied with bacterial invasion were studied by immunohistochemical analysis of pan-leukocyte marker CD45, platelet marker CD41, and neutrophil myeloperoxidase. The taxonomic diversity of the bacteria was analyzed using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. <b>Results:</b> Gram staining of the histological sections revealed bacterial cells localized on the atrial surface at the leaflet’s free edge or on the ventricular surface at the leaflet’s base within fibrin deposits in only three of the studied heart valves. Bacterial colonies were co-localized with microthrombi (CD41<sup>+</sup> cells) containing single leucocytes (CD45<sup>+</sup> cells), represented by segmented neutrophils. As a result of 16S rRNA metabarcoding, we detected the following bacterial genera: <i>Pseudomonas</i> (70% of the studied heart valves), <i>Roseateles</i> (60%), <i>Acinetobacter</i> (40%), <i>Sphingomonas</i> (40%), <i>Enterococcus</i> (30%), <i>Reyranella</i> (20%), <i>Sphingobium</i> (20%), <i>Streptococcus</i> (20%), <i>Agrobacterium</i> (20%), <i>Ralstonia</i> (10%), and <i>Bacillus</i> (10%). <b>Conclusions:</b> A number of opportunistic microorganisms that could not be detected by routine laboratory tests and were not eliminated during antibiotic therapy were identified in the IE-affected heart valves. The obtained results show the importance of 16S rRNA metabarcoding of heart valves removed due to IE not only as an independent diagnostic method but also as a highly accurate approach that complements routine tests for pathogen identification.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/245infective endocarditisGram staininghistological analysisimmunohistochemistry16S rRNA metabarcodingtaxonomic diversity |
| spellingShingle | Anna Sinitskaya Alexander Kostyunin Maxim Asanov Maria Khutornaya Anastasia Klyueva Alyona Poddubnyak Alexey Tupikin Marsel Kabilov Maxim Sinitsky Bacterial Diversity in Native Heart Valves in Infective Endocarditis Biomedicines infective endocarditis Gram staining histological analysis immunohistochemistry 16S rRNA metabarcoding taxonomic diversity |
| title | Bacterial Diversity in Native Heart Valves in Infective Endocarditis |
| title_full | Bacterial Diversity in Native Heart Valves in Infective Endocarditis |
| title_fullStr | Bacterial Diversity in Native Heart Valves in Infective Endocarditis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial Diversity in Native Heart Valves in Infective Endocarditis |
| title_short | Bacterial Diversity in Native Heart Valves in Infective Endocarditis |
| title_sort | bacterial diversity in native heart valves in infective endocarditis |
| topic | infective endocarditis Gram staining histological analysis immunohistochemistry 16S rRNA metabarcoding taxonomic diversity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/245 |
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