Engineering strategies for apoptotic bodies

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles containing proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites secreted by cells under various physiological and pathological conditions that mediate intercellular communication. The main types of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, and...

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Main Authors: Zheyuan Hu, Shutong Qian, Qiuyu Zhao, Bolun Lu, Qian Lu, Yuhuan Wang, Liucheng Zhang, Xiyuan Mao, Danru Wang, Wenguo Cui, Xiaoming Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2024-09-01
Series:Smart Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/SMMD.20240005
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author Zheyuan Hu
Shutong Qian
Qiuyu Zhao
Bolun Lu
Qian Lu
Yuhuan Wang
Liucheng Zhang
Xiyuan Mao
Danru Wang
Wenguo Cui
Xiaoming Sun
author_facet Zheyuan Hu
Shutong Qian
Qiuyu Zhao
Bolun Lu
Qian Lu
Yuhuan Wang
Liucheng Zhang
Xiyuan Mao
Danru Wang
Wenguo Cui
Xiaoming Sun
author_sort Zheyuan Hu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles containing proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites secreted by cells under various physiological and pathological conditions that mediate intercellular communication. The main types of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies (ABs). ABs are vesicles released during the terminal stages of cellular apoptosis, enriched with diverse biological entities and characterized by distinct morphological features. As a result, ABs possess great potential in fields like disease diagnosis, immunotherapy, regenerative therapy, and drug delivery due to their specificity, targeting capacity, and biocompatibility. However, their therapeutic efficacy is notably heterogeneous, and an overdose can lead to side effects such as accumulation in the liver, spleen, lungs, and gastrointestinal system. Through bioengineering, the properties of ABs can be optimized to enhance drug‐loading efficiency, targeting precision, and multifunctionality for clinical implementations. This review focuses on strategies such as transfection, sonication, electroporation, surface engineering, and integration with biomaterials to enable ABs to load cargoes and enhance targeting, providing insights into the engineering of ABs.
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institution OA Journals
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publishDate 2024-09-01
publisher Wiley-VCH
record_format Article
series Smart Medicine
spelling doaj-art-f29f33d2d51248c2bed5512fcc4ee1e82025-08-20T01:55:16ZengWiley-VCHSmart Medicine2751-18712024-09-0133n/an/a10.1002/SMMD.20240005Engineering strategies for apoptotic bodiesZheyuan Hu0Shutong Qian1Qiuyu Zhao2Bolun Lu3Qian Lu4Yuhuan Wang5Liucheng Zhang6Xiyuan Mao7Danru Wang8Wenguo Cui9Xiaoming Sun10Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaAbstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles containing proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites secreted by cells under various physiological and pathological conditions that mediate intercellular communication. The main types of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies (ABs). ABs are vesicles released during the terminal stages of cellular apoptosis, enriched with diverse biological entities and characterized by distinct morphological features. As a result, ABs possess great potential in fields like disease diagnosis, immunotherapy, regenerative therapy, and drug delivery due to their specificity, targeting capacity, and biocompatibility. However, their therapeutic efficacy is notably heterogeneous, and an overdose can lead to side effects such as accumulation in the liver, spleen, lungs, and gastrointestinal system. Through bioengineering, the properties of ABs can be optimized to enhance drug‐loading efficiency, targeting precision, and multifunctionality for clinical implementations. This review focuses on strategies such as transfection, sonication, electroporation, surface engineering, and integration with biomaterials to enable ABs to load cargoes and enhance targeting, providing insights into the engineering of ABs.https://doi.org/10.1002/SMMD.20240005apoptotic bodiesengineeringextracellular vesicles
spellingShingle Zheyuan Hu
Shutong Qian
Qiuyu Zhao
Bolun Lu
Qian Lu
Yuhuan Wang
Liucheng Zhang
Xiyuan Mao
Danru Wang
Wenguo Cui
Xiaoming Sun
Engineering strategies for apoptotic bodies
Smart Medicine
apoptotic bodies
engineering
extracellular vesicles
title Engineering strategies for apoptotic bodies
title_full Engineering strategies for apoptotic bodies
title_fullStr Engineering strategies for apoptotic bodies
title_full_unstemmed Engineering strategies for apoptotic bodies
title_short Engineering strategies for apoptotic bodies
title_sort engineering strategies for apoptotic bodies
topic apoptotic bodies
engineering
extracellular vesicles
url https://doi.org/10.1002/SMMD.20240005
work_keys_str_mv AT zheyuanhu engineeringstrategiesforapoptoticbodies
AT shutongqian engineeringstrategiesforapoptoticbodies
AT qiuyuzhao engineeringstrategiesforapoptoticbodies
AT bolunlu engineeringstrategiesforapoptoticbodies
AT qianlu engineeringstrategiesforapoptoticbodies
AT yuhuanwang engineeringstrategiesforapoptoticbodies
AT liuchengzhang engineeringstrategiesforapoptoticbodies
AT xiyuanmao engineeringstrategiesforapoptoticbodies
AT danruwang engineeringstrategiesforapoptoticbodies
AT wenguocui engineeringstrategiesforapoptoticbodies
AT xiaomingsun engineeringstrategiesforapoptoticbodies