Designing of an innovative conserved multiepitope subunit vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein and nucleoprotein through immunoinformatic

Designing of an innovative conserved multiepitope subunit vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein and nucleoprotein through immunoinformatic

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has imposed substantial challenges on our society due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This virus relies heavily on its surface glycoprotein (S-glycoprotein) to facilitate attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells. While the nucl...

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Main Authors: Temitope Isaac Adelusi, Abdeen Tunde Ogunlana, Moyosoluwa Precious Oyewole, Taiwo Ooreoluwa Ojo, Olamide Tosin Olaoba, Elijah Kolawole Oladipo, Shopnil Akash, Samir Ibenmoussa, Mohammed Bourhia, Yousef A. Bin Jardan, Baye Sitotaw
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-01-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Covid-19
Vaccine
Immunoinformatics
SARS-CoV-2
Multi-epitope
ACE-2
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72495-9
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Summary:Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has imposed substantial challenges on our society due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This virus relies heavily on its surface glycoprotein (S-glycoprotein) to facilitate attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells. While the nucleoprotein (N) in the ribonucleoprotein core binds to the viral RNA genome. Therefore, our objective is to develop a novel vaccine candidate targeting the dominant T-cell and B-cell epitopes of the immune system. On the S-glycoprotein and nucleoprotein. Employing an immunoinformatic approach, we constructed a vaccine candidate with 13 highly antigenic B-cell epitopes, 19 HTL antigenic epitopes, and 18 CTL epitopes following a rigorous assessment. The multi-epitope construct successfully passed three-fold toxicity, allergenicity, and antigenicity tests, affirming its non-toxic, non-allergenic, and antigenic nature. This demonstrates the potentiality of the vaccine design to trigger an immunological response. Furthermore, the vaccine-ACE-2 receptor complex was tested, confirming its ability to interact with ACE-2’s core pocket and induce an immunological response. Additionally, the vaccine’s binding prowess for human toll-like receptors (TLR) (1, 3, 4, and 8) was investigated. According to the Ramachandran plot, 77.46% of the construct’s amino acid residues fall within a favorable zone, establishing it as a viable vaccine candidate.
ISSN:2045-2322

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