Leveraging Bluetooth and GPS Sensors for Route-Level Passenger Origin–Destination Flow Estimation

Accurate estimation of passenger origin–destination (OD) matrices is critical for optimizing public transportation systems, yet conventional methods face challenges, such as incomplete alighting data, high infrastructure costs, and privacy concerns. With existing GPS sensors and the additional deplo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Junming Xu, Zhenxing Pan, Cheng Zhang, Xiaoguang Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2351
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