Exploring Metal Ions as Potential Antimicrobial Agents to Combat Future Drug Resistance in <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i>
The rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> underscores the urgent need for alternative treatments. This study evaluated the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of four metal ions (cobalt, copper, silver, and zinc) and colloidal silver against 15 clinical &...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/169 |
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| Summary: | The rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> underscores the urgent need for alternative treatments. This study evaluated the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of four metal ions (cobalt, copper, silver, and zinc) and colloidal silver against 15 clinical <i>M. bovis</i> isolates, alongside conventional antimicrobials (florfenicol, tetracycline, tulathromycin, and tylosin). Colloidal silver demonstrated the most effective antimicrobial activity, inhibiting 81.25% of isolates at 1.5 mg/L, while silver inhibited 93.7% of isolates at concentrations above 1.5 mg/L. Copper exhibited notable efficacy, inhibiting 37.5% of isolates at 1.5 mg/L, with a small proportion responding at 0.1 mg/L. Cobalt and zinc displayed variable activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.7 to 12.5 mg/L. In contrast, conventional antimicrobials showed limited effectiveness: tetracycline inhibited 31.25% of isolates at ≥16 mg/L, tylosin inhibited 25% at 16 mg/L, and tulathromycin MICs ranged from 0.5 to 8 mg/L. Time–kill assays revealed a reduction in <i>M. bovis</i> viability after eight hours of exposure to silver and colloidal silver, though higher concentrations (4×–8× MIC) were required for complete eradication. These findings highlight the significant potential of colloidal silver and copper as alternatives for treating <i>M. bovis</i> infections and combating AMR. Further research is essential to explore their standalone and synergistic applications for therapeutic use. |
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| ISSN: | 2076-2607 |