Curvature Determination Method for Diverging Acoustic Lens of Underwater Acoustic Transducer
Underwater acoustic transducers need to expand the coverage of acoustic signals as much as possible in most ocean explorations, and the directivity indicators of transducers are difficult to change after the device is packaged, which makes the emergence angle of the underwater acoustic transducer li...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/2/568 |
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| author | Minze Li Mingzhen Xin Fanlin Yang Yu Luo Jinpeng Liu Niuniu Wu |
| author_facet | Minze Li Mingzhen Xin Fanlin Yang Yu Luo Jinpeng Liu Niuniu Wu |
| author_sort | Minze Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Underwater acoustic transducers need to expand the coverage of acoustic signals as much as possible in most ocean explorations, and the directivity indicators of transducers are difficult to change after the device is packaged, which makes the emergence angle of the underwater acoustic transducer limited in special operating environments, such as polar regions, submarine volcanoes, and cold springs. Taking advantage of the refractive characteristics of sound waves propagating in different media, the directivity indicators can be controlled by installing an acoustic lens outside the underwater acoustic transducer. To increase the detection range of an underwater acoustic transducer in a specific marine environment, a curvature-determining method for the diverging acoustic lens of an underwater acoustic transducer is proposed based on the acoustic ray tracing theory. The relationship equation between the original directivity indicators of the underwater acoustic transducer and the emergence angle in the specific environment is constructed, and the slope of the acoustic lens at different positions of the underwater acoustic transducer is obtained by a progressive solution. Then, the least squares polynomial fitting of the acoustic lens slope at all the refractive positions is carried out to obtain the optimal curvature of the acoustic lens. Experiments are designed to verify the effectiveness of the curvature determination method for the diverging acoustic lens of an underwater acoustic transducer, and the directivity indicators of acoustic lenses under different materials and different marine environments are analyzed. The experimental results show that the acoustic lens can change the directivity of the underwater acoustic transducer without changing the acoustic unit array, and the curvature of the acoustic lens directly affects the directivity indicators after refraction, so the method proposed in this paper has important reference value for determining the optimal shape of the diverging acoustic lens. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-f1afc99212ad4332ab3a6818d3778d6e2025-01-24T13:49:22ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-01-0125256810.3390/s25020568Curvature Determination Method for Diverging Acoustic Lens of Underwater Acoustic TransducerMinze Li0Mingzhen Xin1Fanlin Yang2Yu Luo3Jinpeng Liu4Niuniu Wu5College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaUnderwater acoustic transducers need to expand the coverage of acoustic signals as much as possible in most ocean explorations, and the directivity indicators of transducers are difficult to change after the device is packaged, which makes the emergence angle of the underwater acoustic transducer limited in special operating environments, such as polar regions, submarine volcanoes, and cold springs. Taking advantage of the refractive characteristics of sound waves propagating in different media, the directivity indicators can be controlled by installing an acoustic lens outside the underwater acoustic transducer. To increase the detection range of an underwater acoustic transducer in a specific marine environment, a curvature-determining method for the diverging acoustic lens of an underwater acoustic transducer is proposed based on the acoustic ray tracing theory. The relationship equation between the original directivity indicators of the underwater acoustic transducer and the emergence angle in the specific environment is constructed, and the slope of the acoustic lens at different positions of the underwater acoustic transducer is obtained by a progressive solution. Then, the least squares polynomial fitting of the acoustic lens slope at all the refractive positions is carried out to obtain the optimal curvature of the acoustic lens. Experiments are designed to verify the effectiveness of the curvature determination method for the diverging acoustic lens of an underwater acoustic transducer, and the directivity indicators of acoustic lenses under different materials and different marine environments are analyzed. The experimental results show that the acoustic lens can change the directivity of the underwater acoustic transducer without changing the acoustic unit array, and the curvature of the acoustic lens directly affects the directivity indicators after refraction, so the method proposed in this paper has important reference value for determining the optimal shape of the diverging acoustic lens.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/2/568underwater acoustic transducerdiverging acoustic lensacoustic emergence anglecurvature fittingacoustic ray tracingacoustic directivity |
| spellingShingle | Minze Li Mingzhen Xin Fanlin Yang Yu Luo Jinpeng Liu Niuniu Wu Curvature Determination Method for Diverging Acoustic Lens of Underwater Acoustic Transducer Sensors underwater acoustic transducer diverging acoustic lens acoustic emergence angle curvature fitting acoustic ray tracing acoustic directivity |
| title | Curvature Determination Method for Diverging Acoustic Lens of Underwater Acoustic Transducer |
| title_full | Curvature Determination Method for Diverging Acoustic Lens of Underwater Acoustic Transducer |
| title_fullStr | Curvature Determination Method for Diverging Acoustic Lens of Underwater Acoustic Transducer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Curvature Determination Method for Diverging Acoustic Lens of Underwater Acoustic Transducer |
| title_short | Curvature Determination Method for Diverging Acoustic Lens of Underwater Acoustic Transducer |
| title_sort | curvature determination method for diverging acoustic lens of underwater acoustic transducer |
| topic | underwater acoustic transducer diverging acoustic lens acoustic emergence angle curvature fitting acoustic ray tracing acoustic directivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/2/568 |
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