Degradation kinetics, pathways, transformation products, and toxicity assessment of fluorochloridone in agricultural soils
Flurochloridone (FLC) is a pyrrolidone herbicide used to control broad-leaved weeds in various crop fields. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the environmental fate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and the toxicity of its potential transformation products (TPs). In this s...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324015446 |
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| author | Dong Zhao Hongyu Chen Shuo Shen Enyu Lu Junlong Feng Hui Zhi Lei Wang Wei Li |
| author_facet | Dong Zhao Hongyu Chen Shuo Shen Enyu Lu Junlong Feng Hui Zhi Lei Wang Wei Li |
| author_sort | Dong Zhao |
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| description | Flurochloridone (FLC) is a pyrrolidone herbicide used to control broad-leaved weeds in various crop fields. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the environmental fate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and the toxicity of its potential transformation products (TPs). In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the degradation kinetics, pathways, and toxicity of FLC’s TPs. Nine TPs were identified in soil using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS) and Compound Discoverer software, employing suspect and nontarget screening strategies. The initial report of two TPs, TP204, and TP191 was confirmed through the acquisition or synthesis of their standards. High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was subsequently used for further quantification of these TPs in all samples under examination. The primary transformation reactions of FLC in the environment include oxidative dechlorination, reductive dechlorination, reductive defluorination, acetylation, and hydrolysis. Predictive assessments via ECOSAR, alongside empirical laboratory experiments, revealed that most novel TPs exhibit significantly lower acute toxicity towards Danio rerio, Daphnia magna Straus, and Algae compared to FLC. However, TP204 demonstrated neutral chronic toxicity towards Daphnia magna Straus and Green algae, potentially posing a latent threat to aquatic ecosystems. These results are crucial for elucidating the environmental fate of FLC, assessing environmental risks, and guiding scientific and reasonable use. This research holds significant importance for the ecological environment protection in the Tibetan Plateau region. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f19669b847ca47c19ea3c7a4e47545df |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj-art-f19669b847ca47c19ea3c7a4e47545df2025-01-23T05:25:40ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-01-01289117468Degradation kinetics, pathways, transformation products, and toxicity assessment of fluorochloridone in agricultural soilsDong Zhao0Hongyu Chen1Shuo Shen2Enyu Lu3Junlong Feng4Hui Zhi5Lei Wang6Wei Li7Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management, Qinghai academy of agriculture and forestry, 253 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, ChinaAcademy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management, Qinghai academy of agriculture and forestry, 253 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, ChinaAcademy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management, Qinghai academy of agriculture and forestry, 253 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, ChinaAcademy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management, Qinghai academy of agriculture and forestry, 253 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, ChinaAcademy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management, Qinghai academy of agriculture and forestry, 253 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, ChinaAcademy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management, Qinghai academy of agriculture and forestry, 253 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, ChinaAcademy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management, Qinghai academy of agriculture and forestry, 253 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, ChinaAcademy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management, Qinghai academy of agriculture and forestry, 253 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, China; Corresponding author at: Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province 810016, China.Flurochloridone (FLC) is a pyrrolidone herbicide used to control broad-leaved weeds in various crop fields. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the environmental fate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and the toxicity of its potential transformation products (TPs). In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the degradation kinetics, pathways, and toxicity of FLC’s TPs. Nine TPs were identified in soil using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS) and Compound Discoverer software, employing suspect and nontarget screening strategies. The initial report of two TPs, TP204, and TP191 was confirmed through the acquisition or synthesis of their standards. High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was subsequently used for further quantification of these TPs in all samples under examination. The primary transformation reactions of FLC in the environment include oxidative dechlorination, reductive dechlorination, reductive defluorination, acetylation, and hydrolysis. Predictive assessments via ECOSAR, alongside empirical laboratory experiments, revealed that most novel TPs exhibit significantly lower acute toxicity towards Danio rerio, Daphnia magna Straus, and Algae compared to FLC. However, TP204 demonstrated neutral chronic toxicity towards Daphnia magna Straus and Green algae, potentially posing a latent threat to aquatic ecosystems. These results are crucial for elucidating the environmental fate of FLC, assessing environmental risks, and guiding scientific and reasonable use. This research holds significant importance for the ecological environment protection in the Tibetan Plateau region.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324015446FluorochloridoneTransformation productsDegradation pathwayToxicity |
| spellingShingle | Dong Zhao Hongyu Chen Shuo Shen Enyu Lu Junlong Feng Hui Zhi Lei Wang Wei Li Degradation kinetics, pathways, transformation products, and toxicity assessment of fluorochloridone in agricultural soils Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Fluorochloridone Transformation products Degradation pathway Toxicity |
| title | Degradation kinetics, pathways, transformation products, and toxicity assessment of fluorochloridone in agricultural soils |
| title_full | Degradation kinetics, pathways, transformation products, and toxicity assessment of fluorochloridone in agricultural soils |
| title_fullStr | Degradation kinetics, pathways, transformation products, and toxicity assessment of fluorochloridone in agricultural soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Degradation kinetics, pathways, transformation products, and toxicity assessment of fluorochloridone in agricultural soils |
| title_short | Degradation kinetics, pathways, transformation products, and toxicity assessment of fluorochloridone in agricultural soils |
| title_sort | degradation kinetics pathways transformation products and toxicity assessment of fluorochloridone in agricultural soils |
| topic | Fluorochloridone Transformation products Degradation pathway Toxicity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324015446 |
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