Fructose: A Key Factor in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome are becoming leading causes of death in the world. Identifying the etiology of diabetes is key to prevention. Despite the similarity in their structures, fructose and glucose are metabolized in different ways. Uric acid, a byproduct of uncontrolled fructo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/682673 |
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| author | Zeid Khitan Dong Hyun Kim |
| author_facet | Zeid Khitan Dong Hyun Kim |
| author_sort | Zeid Khitan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome are becoming leading causes of death in the world. Identifying the etiology of diabetes is key to prevention. Despite the similarity in their structures, fructose and glucose are metabolized in different ways. Uric acid, a byproduct of uncontrolled fructose metabolism is known risk factor for hypertension. In the liver, fructose bypasses the two highly regulated steps in glycolysis, glucokinase and phosphofructokinase, both of which are inhibited by increasing concentrations of their byproducts. Fructose is metabolized by fructokinase (KHK). KHK has no negative feedback system, and ATP is used for phosphorylation. This results in intracellular phosphate depletion and the rapid generation of uric acid due to activation of AMP deaminase. Uric acid, a byproduct of this reaction, has been linked to endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and hypertension. We present possible mechanisms by which fructose causes insulin resistance and suggest actions based on this association that have therapeutic implications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f12bc0af51a44c589c2530fd63ecf85c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-0724 2090-0732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj-art-f12bc0af51a44c589c2530fd63ecf85c2025-02-03T01:09:53ZengWileyJournal of Nutrition and Metabolism2090-07242090-07322013-01-01201310.1155/2013/682673682673Fructose: A Key Factor in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and HypertensionZeid Khitan0Dong Hyun Kim1Marshall University’s Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701-3655, USAMarshall University’s Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701-3655, USADiabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome are becoming leading causes of death in the world. Identifying the etiology of diabetes is key to prevention. Despite the similarity in their structures, fructose and glucose are metabolized in different ways. Uric acid, a byproduct of uncontrolled fructose metabolism is known risk factor for hypertension. In the liver, fructose bypasses the two highly regulated steps in glycolysis, glucokinase and phosphofructokinase, both of which are inhibited by increasing concentrations of their byproducts. Fructose is metabolized by fructokinase (KHK). KHK has no negative feedback system, and ATP is used for phosphorylation. This results in intracellular phosphate depletion and the rapid generation of uric acid due to activation of AMP deaminase. Uric acid, a byproduct of this reaction, has been linked to endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and hypertension. We present possible mechanisms by which fructose causes insulin resistance and suggest actions based on this association that have therapeutic implications.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/682673 |
| spellingShingle | Zeid Khitan Dong Hyun Kim Fructose: A Key Factor in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism |
| title | Fructose: A Key Factor in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension |
| title_full | Fructose: A Key Factor in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension |
| title_fullStr | Fructose: A Key Factor in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fructose: A Key Factor in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension |
| title_short | Fructose: A Key Factor in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension |
| title_sort | fructose a key factor in the development of metabolic syndrome and hypertension |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/682673 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zeidkhitan fructoseakeyfactorinthedevelopmentofmetabolicsyndromeandhypertension AT donghyunkim fructoseakeyfactorinthedevelopmentofmetabolicsyndromeandhypertension |