Use of Tick Cell Lines in Co-Infection Studies with a Preliminary Study of Co-Culture of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>
<i>Ixodes ricinus</i> is an important vector of infectious human and livestock diseases in Europe. Co-infections of pathogens in ticks and hosts have been reported. Tick cell lines offer a useful model system for study of co-infections. We present a review of the existing literature on c...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Violetta Zając Lesley Bell-Sakyi Angelina Wójcik-Fatla |
| author_facet | Violetta Zając Lesley Bell-Sakyi Angelina Wójcik-Fatla |
| author_sort | Violetta Zając |
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| description | <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> is an important vector of infectious human and livestock diseases in Europe. Co-infections of pathogens in ticks and hosts have been reported. Tick cell lines offer a useful model system for study of co-infections. We present a review of the existing literature on co-infections in tick cell lines. Previous studies have demonstrated the usefulness of tick cell lines in studies on co-infection of different pathogens and their interaction with the tick microbiome. We also carried out a preliminary study to investigate the effects of co-culturing <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> on their growth and interactions with the <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> cell line IRE/CTVM19 over a 13-day period. Replication of both pathogens was quantified by real-time PCR. The presence of <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> appeared to have a slight inhibitory effect on the multiplication of <i>B. burgdorferi</i>, that were added subsequently. In contrast, the prior presence of <i>B. burgdorferi</i> appeared to have a stimulatory effect on <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> after 6 days in culture. We conclude that the IRE/CTVM19 tick cell line is suitable for simultaneous and continuous cultivation of both bacteria and can be applied in future research. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-efd743a9976c45df9bb9e30a51d568c22025-01-24T13:44:49ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-01-011417810.3390/pathogens14010078Use of Tick Cell Lines in Co-Infection Studies with a Preliminary Study of Co-Culture of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>Violetta Zając0Lesley Bell-Sakyi1Angelina Wójcik-Fatla2Department of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKDepartment of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland<i>Ixodes ricinus</i> is an important vector of infectious human and livestock diseases in Europe. Co-infections of pathogens in ticks and hosts have been reported. Tick cell lines offer a useful model system for study of co-infections. We present a review of the existing literature on co-infections in tick cell lines. Previous studies have demonstrated the usefulness of tick cell lines in studies on co-infection of different pathogens and their interaction with the tick microbiome. We also carried out a preliminary study to investigate the effects of co-culturing <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> on their growth and interactions with the <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> cell line IRE/CTVM19 over a 13-day period. Replication of both pathogens was quantified by real-time PCR. The presence of <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> appeared to have a slight inhibitory effect on the multiplication of <i>B. burgdorferi</i>, that were added subsequently. In contrast, the prior presence of <i>B. burgdorferi</i> appeared to have a stimulatory effect on <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> after 6 days in culture. We conclude that the IRE/CTVM19 tick cell line is suitable for simultaneous and continuous cultivation of both bacteria and can be applied in future research.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/1/78<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i><i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>tick cell lineco-infection |
| spellingShingle | Violetta Zając Lesley Bell-Sakyi Angelina Wójcik-Fatla Use of Tick Cell Lines in Co-Infection Studies with a Preliminary Study of Co-Culture of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> Pathogens <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> tick cell line co-infection |
| title | Use of Tick Cell Lines in Co-Infection Studies with a Preliminary Study of Co-Culture of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> |
| title_full | Use of Tick Cell Lines in Co-Infection Studies with a Preliminary Study of Co-Culture of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> |
| title_fullStr | Use of Tick Cell Lines in Co-Infection Studies with a Preliminary Study of Co-Culture of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of Tick Cell Lines in Co-Infection Studies with a Preliminary Study of Co-Culture of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> |
| title_short | Use of Tick Cell Lines in Co-Infection Studies with a Preliminary Study of Co-Culture of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> |
| title_sort | use of tick cell lines in co infection studies with a preliminary study of co culture of i borrelia burgdorferi i and i anaplasma phagocytophilum i |
| topic | <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> tick cell line co-infection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/1/78 |
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