Non-pharmacological interventions for primary hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol
Introduction Primary hypertension (PH) affects over one billion individuals globally, yet less than 30% achieve controlled blood pressure (BP) with medication. Many patients require a combination of multiple medications to reach targets, but adverse effects and financial burdens undermine adherence....
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/1/e079360.full |
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| author | Tao Xu Fan-rong Liang Qifu Li Taipin Guo Ziwen Chen Yun-Jie Shu Xueli Zhou |
| author_facet | Tao Xu Fan-rong Liang Qifu Li Taipin Guo Ziwen Chen Yun-Jie Shu Xueli Zhou |
| author_sort | Tao Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction Primary hypertension (PH) affects over one billion individuals globally, yet less than 30% achieve controlled blood pressure (BP) with medication. Many patients require a combination of multiple medications to reach targets, but adverse effects and financial burdens undermine adherence. Additionally, prehypertension affects 25%–50% of adults, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications. Early detection and management of prehypertension are crucial for delaying the need for pharmacological interventions. In recent years, clinical guidelines have increasingly emphasised non-pharmacological interventions for PH management. However, the diversity of non-pharmacological therapies and the inconsistencies in efficacy challenge clinical decision-making. This study aims to use network meta-analysis (NMA) to synthesise existing evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for PH, offering updated clinical insights and evidence-based support to optimise treatment strategies. It will also provide recommendations for integrating these interventions into community-based chronic disease management.Methods and analysis To identify potentially relevant randomised controlled trials, a reverse search strategy will be employed to ascertain all non-pharmacological interventions for PH. A well-constructed search strategy will be applied across nine academic databases (Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, AMED, CNKI, WF and VIP database) and three clinical trial registries (WHO ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov and ChiCTR) for studies conducted between 1 January 2014 and 1 August 2024. Two investigators will independently extract information from eligible articles and document reasons for exclusions. The primary outcomes will encompass changes in systolic and diastolic BP. Pairwise and Bayesian NMA will be conducted using ‘meta’ and ‘GeMTC’ package (R 4.4.1). Risk of bias will be assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool, and the quality of evidence will be evaluated according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and dissemination As this review involves secondary analysis of previously published data, ethical approval is not required. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023451073. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ef815da050e8471ea34b5244bd3b2d11 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-ef815da050e8471ea34b5244bd3b2d112025-01-23T08:50:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-01-0115110.1136/bmjopen-2023-079360Non-pharmacological interventions for primary hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocolTao Xu0Fan-rong Liang1Qifu Li2Taipin Guo3Ziwen Chen4Yun-Jie Shu5Xueli Zhou61 Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China1 Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China1 Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China2 School of Second Clinical Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China1 Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China1 Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China1 Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaIntroduction Primary hypertension (PH) affects over one billion individuals globally, yet less than 30% achieve controlled blood pressure (BP) with medication. Many patients require a combination of multiple medications to reach targets, but adverse effects and financial burdens undermine adherence. Additionally, prehypertension affects 25%–50% of adults, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications. Early detection and management of prehypertension are crucial for delaying the need for pharmacological interventions. In recent years, clinical guidelines have increasingly emphasised non-pharmacological interventions for PH management. However, the diversity of non-pharmacological therapies and the inconsistencies in efficacy challenge clinical decision-making. This study aims to use network meta-analysis (NMA) to synthesise existing evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for PH, offering updated clinical insights and evidence-based support to optimise treatment strategies. It will also provide recommendations for integrating these interventions into community-based chronic disease management.Methods and analysis To identify potentially relevant randomised controlled trials, a reverse search strategy will be employed to ascertain all non-pharmacological interventions for PH. A well-constructed search strategy will be applied across nine academic databases (Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, AMED, CNKI, WF and VIP database) and three clinical trial registries (WHO ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov and ChiCTR) for studies conducted between 1 January 2014 and 1 August 2024. Two investigators will independently extract information from eligible articles and document reasons for exclusions. The primary outcomes will encompass changes in systolic and diastolic BP. Pairwise and Bayesian NMA will be conducted using ‘meta’ and ‘GeMTC’ package (R 4.4.1). Risk of bias will be assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool, and the quality of evidence will be evaluated according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and dissemination As this review involves secondary analysis of previously published data, ethical approval is not required. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023451073.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/1/e079360.full |
| spellingShingle | Tao Xu Fan-rong Liang Qifu Li Taipin Guo Ziwen Chen Yun-Jie Shu Xueli Zhou Non-pharmacological interventions for primary hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol BMJ Open |
| title | Non-pharmacological interventions for primary hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol |
| title_full | Non-pharmacological interventions for primary hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol |
| title_fullStr | Non-pharmacological interventions for primary hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-pharmacological interventions for primary hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol |
| title_short | Non-pharmacological interventions for primary hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol |
| title_sort | non pharmacological interventions for primary hypertension a systematic review and network meta analysis protocol |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/1/e079360.full |
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