Development and Application of a Cost–Effective Analytical Method for Hydrofluorocarbons Using Preconcentrator–Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometer
The expansion of atmospheric observation networks for hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are closely related to climate change and contribute to global warming, significantly impacts our society and daily life. Their emissions are estimated to increase in the future, which is a major challenge. Observ...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/1/69 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832589153003372544 |
|---|---|
| author | Yujiro Ichikawa Yukiko Ono Kouki Sasaka |
| author_facet | Yujiro Ichikawa Yukiko Ono Kouki Sasaka |
| author_sort | Yujiro Ichikawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The expansion of atmospheric observation networks for hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are closely related to climate change and contribute to global warming, significantly impacts our society and daily life. Their emissions are estimated to increase in the future, which is a major challenge. Observations of HFCs globally were performed using expensive GHG–specific equipment installed at AGAGE and other sites, but many research institutions find it difficult to install such equipment. Therefore, we successfully developed a measurement method for six components of HFCs (HFC–23, HFC–32, HFC–125, HFC–134a, HFC–143a, and HFC–152a) with high atmospheric concentrations in various parts of the world by optimizing measurement parameters such as the sample transfer volume and rate, module cooling temperatures, the injection time, the GC oven temperature program, and the monitored ions of a commercially available preconcentrator–GC–MS. Because this developed measurement method is cost–effective and simpler to operate than those of GHG–specific equipment, it is expected to provide an opportunity for many research institutes to measure HFCs. Furthermore, in addition to HFCs, we confirmed that simultaneous measurements can be performed for 97 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including hazardous components. This research can contribute to the observation of HFCs in countries and regions where the actual status of emissions is unclear or where no or few atmospheric observations were conducted. The results of those observations can be used to formulate more detailed global warming countermeasures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ef6df832caef41bdacdbe0be6dfe7c08 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-ef6df832caef41bdacdbe0be6dfe7c082025-01-24T13:21:55ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-01-011616910.3390/atmos16010069Development and Application of a Cost–Effective Analytical Method for Hydrofluorocarbons Using Preconcentrator–Gas Chromatograph–Mass SpectrometerYujiro Ichikawa0Yukiko Ono1Kouki Sasaka2Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo 347-0115, Saitama, JapanNishikawa Keisoku Co., Ltd., YBP West Tower 2F, 134 Kobe-cho, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-0005, Kanagawa, JapanCenter for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo 347-0115, Saitama, JapanThe expansion of atmospheric observation networks for hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are closely related to climate change and contribute to global warming, significantly impacts our society and daily life. Their emissions are estimated to increase in the future, which is a major challenge. Observations of HFCs globally were performed using expensive GHG–specific equipment installed at AGAGE and other sites, but many research institutions find it difficult to install such equipment. Therefore, we successfully developed a measurement method for six components of HFCs (HFC–23, HFC–32, HFC–125, HFC–134a, HFC–143a, and HFC–152a) with high atmospheric concentrations in various parts of the world by optimizing measurement parameters such as the sample transfer volume and rate, module cooling temperatures, the injection time, the GC oven temperature program, and the monitored ions of a commercially available preconcentrator–GC–MS. Because this developed measurement method is cost–effective and simpler to operate than those of GHG–specific equipment, it is expected to provide an opportunity for many research institutes to measure HFCs. Furthermore, in addition to HFCs, we confirmed that simultaneous measurements can be performed for 97 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including hazardous components. This research can contribute to the observation of HFCs in countries and regions where the actual status of emissions is unclear or where no or few atmospheric observations were conducted. The results of those observations can be used to formulate more detailed global warming countermeasures.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/1/69hydrofluorocarbonsHFCsvolatile organic compoundsglobal warming substancespreconcentrator–GC–MSatmospheric environment |
| spellingShingle | Yujiro Ichikawa Yukiko Ono Kouki Sasaka Development and Application of a Cost–Effective Analytical Method for Hydrofluorocarbons Using Preconcentrator–Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometer Atmosphere hydrofluorocarbons HFCs volatile organic compounds global warming substances preconcentrator–GC–MS atmospheric environment |
| title | Development and Application of a Cost–Effective Analytical Method for Hydrofluorocarbons Using Preconcentrator–Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometer |
| title_full | Development and Application of a Cost–Effective Analytical Method for Hydrofluorocarbons Using Preconcentrator–Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometer |
| title_fullStr | Development and Application of a Cost–Effective Analytical Method for Hydrofluorocarbons Using Preconcentrator–Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Application of a Cost–Effective Analytical Method for Hydrofluorocarbons Using Preconcentrator–Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometer |
| title_short | Development and Application of a Cost–Effective Analytical Method for Hydrofluorocarbons Using Preconcentrator–Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometer |
| title_sort | development and application of a cost effective analytical method for hydrofluorocarbons using preconcentrator gas chromatograph mass spectrometer |
| topic | hydrofluorocarbons HFCs volatile organic compounds global warming substances preconcentrator–GC–MS atmospheric environment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/1/69 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yujiroichikawa developmentandapplicationofacosteffectiveanalyticalmethodforhydrofluorocarbonsusingpreconcentratorgaschromatographmassspectrometer AT yukikoono developmentandapplicationofacosteffectiveanalyticalmethodforhydrofluorocarbonsusingpreconcentratorgaschromatographmassspectrometer AT koukisasaka developmentandapplicationofacosteffectiveanalyticalmethodforhydrofluorocarbonsusingpreconcentratorgaschromatographmassspectrometer |