Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of bronze patina or/and protective coating on the surface of the archaeological coins
Abstract Archaeological coins are considered essential sources of historical documentation. Over time, they are subjected to corrosion processes that gradually alter their appearance, shape, and composition. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the patina and/or protective coating on the corro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85290-x |
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| author | Saleh M. Saleh Abd El-Hakim A. El-Badry Amal M. Abdel-karim |
| author_facet | Saleh M. Saleh Abd El-Hakim A. El-Badry Amal M. Abdel-karim |
| author_sort | Saleh M. Saleh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Archaeological coins are considered essential sources of historical documentation. Over time, they are subjected to corrosion processes that gradually alter their appearance, shape, and composition. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the patina and/or protective coating on the corrosion process. Protection of the original coin surface was crucial following the completion of the cleaning protocol. Various finishes of coin fragments (uncoated, aged, and freshly coated) were investigated to determine their chemical composition, nature of the patina, and corrosion products on their surface using stereo microscopy(SM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The analysis revealed that the coins were composed of a Cu–Sn- and Pb bronze alloy. Furthermore, the efficiency of the patina and/or protective coatings on the coin fragments was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The highest protection was achieved for patinated-freshly protective coated fragments, while the most corrosive fragments were those affected by bronze diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ef24255542894c1cb668a1fa9e5ca9a5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-ef24255542894c1cb668a1fa9e5ca9a52025-01-19T12:20:08ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-85290-xEvaluation of the corrosion resistance of bronze patina or/and protective coating on the surface of the archaeological coinsSaleh M. Saleh0Abd El-Hakim A. El-Badry1Amal M. Abdel-karim2Restoration and Conservation of Artifacts Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum UniversityConservation Laboratory, ARCE, Karnak TemplesPhysical Chemistry Department, National Research CentreAbstract Archaeological coins are considered essential sources of historical documentation. Over time, they are subjected to corrosion processes that gradually alter their appearance, shape, and composition. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the patina and/or protective coating on the corrosion process. Protection of the original coin surface was crucial following the completion of the cleaning protocol. Various finishes of coin fragments (uncoated, aged, and freshly coated) were investigated to determine their chemical composition, nature of the patina, and corrosion products on their surface using stereo microscopy(SM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The analysis revealed that the coins were composed of a Cu–Sn- and Pb bronze alloy. Furthermore, the efficiency of the patina and/or protective coatings on the coin fragments was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The highest protection was achieved for patinated-freshly protective coated fragments, while the most corrosive fragments were those affected by bronze diseases.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85290-xBronze coin-fragmentsBronze diseasePatinaParaloid B-72® coatingElectrochemical measurementsConservation |
| spellingShingle | Saleh M. Saleh Abd El-Hakim A. El-Badry Amal M. Abdel-karim Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of bronze patina or/and protective coating on the surface of the archaeological coins Scientific Reports Bronze coin-fragments Bronze disease Patina Paraloid B-72® coating Electrochemical measurements Conservation |
| title | Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of bronze patina or/and protective coating on the surface of the archaeological coins |
| title_full | Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of bronze patina or/and protective coating on the surface of the archaeological coins |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of bronze patina or/and protective coating on the surface of the archaeological coins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of bronze patina or/and protective coating on the surface of the archaeological coins |
| title_short | Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of bronze patina or/and protective coating on the surface of the archaeological coins |
| title_sort | evaluation of the corrosion resistance of bronze patina or and protective coating on the surface of the archaeological coins |
| topic | Bronze coin-fragments Bronze disease Patina Paraloid B-72® coating Electrochemical measurements Conservation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85290-x |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT salehmsaleh evaluationofthecorrosionresistanceofbronzepatinaorandprotectivecoatingonthesurfaceofthearchaeologicalcoins AT abdelhakimaelbadry evaluationofthecorrosionresistanceofbronzepatinaorandprotectivecoatingonthesurfaceofthearchaeologicalcoins AT amalmabdelkarim evaluationofthecorrosionresistanceofbronzepatinaorandprotectivecoatingonthesurfaceofthearchaeologicalcoins |