GRB 241030A: Multicomponent Origin of Early Emission from the Photosphere and Internal and External Shocks

We present a detailed analysis of the long-duration GRB 241030A detected by Swift. Thanks to the rapid response of the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope, the strongest part of the prompt emission of GRB 241030A has been well measured simultaneously from the optical to hard X-ra...

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Main Authors: Qiu-Li Wang, Hao Zhou, Yun Wang, Jia Ren, Samaporn Tinyanont, Dong Xu, Ning-Chen Sun, Johan P. U. Fynbo, Daniele B. Malesani, Jie An, Rungrit Anutarawiramkul, Pathompong Butpa, Shao-Yu Fu, Shuai-Qing Jiang, Xing Liu, Kritsada Palee, Pakawat Prasit, Zi-Pei Zhu, Lu-Yao Jiang, Zhi-Ping Jin, Da-Ming Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add693
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author Qiu-Li Wang
Hao Zhou
Yun Wang
Jia Ren
Samaporn Tinyanont
Dong Xu
Ning-Chen Sun
Johan P. U. Fynbo
Daniele B. Malesani
Jie An
Rungrit Anutarawiramkul
Pathompong Butpa
Shao-Yu Fu
Shuai-Qing Jiang
Xing Liu
Kritsada Palee
Pakawat Prasit
Zi-Pei Zhu
Lu-Yao Jiang
Zhi-Ping Jin
Da-Ming Wei
author_facet Qiu-Li Wang
Hao Zhou
Yun Wang
Jia Ren
Samaporn Tinyanont
Dong Xu
Ning-Chen Sun
Johan P. U. Fynbo
Daniele B. Malesani
Jie An
Rungrit Anutarawiramkul
Pathompong Butpa
Shao-Yu Fu
Shuai-Qing Jiang
Xing Liu
Kritsada Palee
Pakawat Prasit
Zi-Pei Zhu
Lu-Yao Jiang
Zhi-Ping Jin
Da-Ming Wei
author_sort Qiu-Li Wang
collection DOAJ
description We present a detailed analysis of the long-duration GRB 241030A detected by Swift. Thanks to the rapid response of the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope, the strongest part of the prompt emission of GRB 241030A has been well measured simultaneously from the optical to hard X-ray bands. The time-resolved WHITE band emission shows strong variability, largely tracing the activity of the prompt γ -ray emission, suggesting that it may also be produced by internal shocks too. The joint analysis of the XRT and Burst Alert Telescope data reveals the presence of a thermal component with a temperature of a few keV, which can be interpreted as the photosphere radiation, and the upper limit of the Lorentz factor of this region is found to range between approximately 20 and 80. The time-resolved analysis of the initial U -band exposure data yields a very rapid rise (∼ t ^5.3 ) with a bright peak reaching 13.6 AB magnitude around 410 s, which is most likely attributed to the onset of the external shock emission. The richness and fineness of early observational data have made this burst unique for studying various radiation mechanisms of γ -ray bursts.
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spelling doaj-art-ef0cb1c8a8e04fed8fad09207afbfa6f2025-08-20T03:15:35ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01987212910.3847/1538-4357/add693GRB 241030A: Multicomponent Origin of Early Emission from the Photosphere and Internal and External ShocksQiu-Li Wang0Hao Zhou1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2915-7434Yun Wang2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8385-7848Jia Ren3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-8642Samaporn Tinyanont4Dong Xu5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3257-9435Ning-Chen Sun6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4731-9698Johan P. U. Fynbo7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-8298Daniele B. Malesani8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-326XJie An9https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5068-3434Rungrit Anutarawiramkul10Pathompong Butpa11Shao-Yu Fu12https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7730-3985Shuai-Qing Jiang13Xing Liu14Kritsada Palee15Pakawat Prasit16Zi-Pei Zhu17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9022-1928Lu-Yao Jiang18Zhi-Ping Jin19https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4977-9724Da-Ming Wei20https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-5476Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy , Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; haozhou@pmo.ac.cn, wangyun@pmo.ac.cn, jin@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy , Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; haozhou@pmo.ac.cn, wangyun@pmo.ac.cn, jin@pmo.ac.cnKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy , Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; haozhou@pmo.ac.cn, wangyun@pmo.ac.cn, jin@pmo.ac.cnKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy , Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; haozhou@pmo.ac.cn, wangyun@pmo.ac.cn, jin@pmo.ac.cnNational Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand , 260 Moo 4, Donkaew, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand ; samaporn@narit.or.thNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China; Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of ChinaCosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) , Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University , Jagtvej 155, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, DenmarkCosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) , Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University , Jagtvej 155, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, DenmarkNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaNational Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand , 260 Moo 4, Donkaew, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand ; samaporn@narit.or.thNational Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand , 260 Moo 4, Donkaew, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand ; samaporn@narit.or.thNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaNational Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand , 260 Moo 4, Donkaew, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand ; samaporn@narit.or.thNational Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand , 260 Moo 4, Donkaew, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand ; samaporn@narit.or.thNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy , Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; haozhou@pmo.ac.cn, wangyun@pmo.ac.cn, jin@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy , Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; haozhou@pmo.ac.cn, wangyun@pmo.ac.cn, jin@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy , Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; haozhou@pmo.ac.cn, wangyun@pmo.ac.cn, jin@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaWe present a detailed analysis of the long-duration GRB 241030A detected by Swift. Thanks to the rapid response of the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope, the strongest part of the prompt emission of GRB 241030A has been well measured simultaneously from the optical to hard X-ray bands. The time-resolved WHITE band emission shows strong variability, largely tracing the activity of the prompt γ -ray emission, suggesting that it may also be produced by internal shocks too. The joint analysis of the XRT and Burst Alert Telescope data reveals the presence of a thermal component with a temperature of a few keV, which can be interpreted as the photosphere radiation, and the upper limit of the Lorentz factor of this region is found to range between approximately 20 and 80. The time-resolved analysis of the initial U -band exposure data yields a very rapid rise (∼ t ^5.3 ) with a bright peak reaching 13.6 AB magnitude around 410 s, which is most likely attributed to the onset of the external shock emission. The richness and fineness of early observational data have made this burst unique for studying various radiation mechanisms of γ -ray bursts.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add693Gamma-ray bursts
spellingShingle Qiu-Li Wang
Hao Zhou
Yun Wang
Jia Ren
Samaporn Tinyanont
Dong Xu
Ning-Chen Sun
Johan P. U. Fynbo
Daniele B. Malesani
Jie An
Rungrit Anutarawiramkul
Pathompong Butpa
Shao-Yu Fu
Shuai-Qing Jiang
Xing Liu
Kritsada Palee
Pakawat Prasit
Zi-Pei Zhu
Lu-Yao Jiang
Zhi-Ping Jin
Da-Ming Wei
GRB 241030A: Multicomponent Origin of Early Emission from the Photosphere and Internal and External Shocks
The Astrophysical Journal
Gamma-ray bursts
title GRB 241030A: Multicomponent Origin of Early Emission from the Photosphere and Internal and External Shocks
title_full GRB 241030A: Multicomponent Origin of Early Emission from the Photosphere and Internal and External Shocks
title_fullStr GRB 241030A: Multicomponent Origin of Early Emission from the Photosphere and Internal and External Shocks
title_full_unstemmed GRB 241030A: Multicomponent Origin of Early Emission from the Photosphere and Internal and External Shocks
title_short GRB 241030A: Multicomponent Origin of Early Emission from the Photosphere and Internal and External Shocks
title_sort grb 241030a multicomponent origin of early emission from the photosphere and internal and external shocks
topic Gamma-ray bursts
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add693
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