Evaluation of the Service Performance of Soil–Bentonite Vertical Cut-Off Walls at Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites: A Review

Soil–bentonite (SB) vertical cut-off walls are widely utilized to mitigate the transport of soil contaminants in groundwater. Evaluating their long-term service performance is crucial for ensuring environmental safety and effective pollution control. The evaluation model for the long-term service pe...

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Main Authors: Ke Wang, Yan Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5215
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author Ke Wang
Yan Zhang
author_facet Ke Wang
Yan Zhang
author_sort Ke Wang
collection DOAJ
description Soil–bentonite (SB) vertical cut-off walls are widely utilized to mitigate the transport of soil contaminants in groundwater. Evaluating their long-term service performance is crucial for ensuring environmental safety and effective pollution control. The evaluation model for the long-term service performance of contaminant cut-off walls considers key processes such as convection, diffusion, dispersion, and adsorption. These processes are closely linked to the physicochemical properties of the cut-off walls, which are influenced by the surrounding complex environment, ultimately impacting their long-term performance. This study delves into the long-term service performance of SB vertical cut-off walls. It focuses on the key factors that influence this performance and the measures that can enhance it. Moreover, it offers a detailed analysis of how the performance of seepage cut-off walls in soil–bentonite materials evolves under various environmental influences. These influences include chemical exposure, freeze–thaw cycles, and dry–wet cycles. Additionally, it outlines existing service performance evaluation methods and identifies their shortcomings. By leveraging the advantages of in situ testing methods, this paper proposes the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the service performance of vertical cut-off walls based on in situ test parameters. The proposed evaluation system aims to provide a scientific assessment of the long-term service performance of SB vertical cut-off walls.
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spelling doaj-art-eec44d9c58284f3bbbd64fee8d9d74fe2025-08-20T02:58:44ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-01159521510.3390/app15095215Evaluation of the Service Performance of Soil–Bentonite Vertical Cut-Off Walls at Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites: A ReviewKe Wang0Yan Zhang1School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, ChinaSoil–bentonite (SB) vertical cut-off walls are widely utilized to mitigate the transport of soil contaminants in groundwater. Evaluating their long-term service performance is crucial for ensuring environmental safety and effective pollution control. The evaluation model for the long-term service performance of contaminant cut-off walls considers key processes such as convection, diffusion, dispersion, and adsorption. These processes are closely linked to the physicochemical properties of the cut-off walls, which are influenced by the surrounding complex environment, ultimately impacting their long-term performance. This study delves into the long-term service performance of SB vertical cut-off walls. It focuses on the key factors that influence this performance and the measures that can enhance it. Moreover, it offers a detailed analysis of how the performance of seepage cut-off walls in soil–bentonite materials evolves under various environmental influences. These influences include chemical exposure, freeze–thaw cycles, and dry–wet cycles. Additionally, it outlines existing service performance evaluation methods and identifies their shortcomings. By leveraging the advantages of in situ testing methods, this paper proposes the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the service performance of vertical cut-off walls based on in situ test parameters. The proposed evaluation system aims to provide a scientific assessment of the long-term service performance of SB vertical cut-off walls.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5215heavy metal contaminated sitesoil–bentonite cut-off wallsservice performancein situ evaluationseepage cut-off walls performance
spellingShingle Ke Wang
Yan Zhang
Evaluation of the Service Performance of Soil–Bentonite Vertical Cut-Off Walls at Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites: A Review
Applied Sciences
heavy metal contaminated site
soil–bentonite cut-off walls
service performance
in situ evaluation
seepage cut-off walls performance
title Evaluation of the Service Performance of Soil–Bentonite Vertical Cut-Off Walls at Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites: A Review
title_full Evaluation of the Service Performance of Soil–Bentonite Vertical Cut-Off Walls at Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites: A Review
title_fullStr Evaluation of the Service Performance of Soil–Bentonite Vertical Cut-Off Walls at Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of the Service Performance of Soil–Bentonite Vertical Cut-Off Walls at Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites: A Review
title_short Evaluation of the Service Performance of Soil–Bentonite Vertical Cut-Off Walls at Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites: A Review
title_sort evaluation of the service performance of soil bentonite vertical cut off walls at heavy metal contaminated sites a review
topic heavy metal contaminated site
soil–bentonite cut-off walls
service performance
in situ evaluation
seepage cut-off walls performance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5215
work_keys_str_mv AT kewang evaluationoftheserviceperformanceofsoilbentoniteverticalcutoffwallsatheavymetalcontaminatedsitesareview
AT yanzhang evaluationoftheserviceperformanceofsoilbentoniteverticalcutoffwallsatheavymetalcontaminatedsitesareview