Direct‐Print 3D Electrodes for Large‐Scale, High‐Density, and Customizable Neural Interfaces
Abstract Silicon‐based microelectronics can scalably record and modulate neural activity at high spatiotemporal resolution, but their planar form factor poses challenges in targeting 3D neural structures. A method for fabricating tissue‐penetrating 3D microelectrodes directly onto planar microelectr...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Advanced Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202408602 |
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| author | Pingyu Wang Eric G. Wu Hasan Uluşan Eric Tianjiao Zhao A.J. Phillips Alexandra Kling Madeline Rose Hays Praful Krishna Vasireddy Sasidhar Madugula Ramandeep Vilkhu Andreas Hierlemann Guosong Hong E.J. Chichilnisky Nicholas A. Melosh |
| author_facet | Pingyu Wang Eric G. Wu Hasan Uluşan Eric Tianjiao Zhao A.J. Phillips Alexandra Kling Madeline Rose Hays Praful Krishna Vasireddy Sasidhar Madugula Ramandeep Vilkhu Andreas Hierlemann Guosong Hong E.J. Chichilnisky Nicholas A. Melosh |
| author_sort | Pingyu Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Silicon‐based microelectronics can scalably record and modulate neural activity at high spatiotemporal resolution, but their planar form factor poses challenges in targeting 3D neural structures. A method for fabricating tissue‐penetrating 3D microelectrodes directly onto planar microelectronics using high‐resolution 3D printing via 2‐photon polymerization and scalable microfabrication technologies are presented. This approach enables customizable electrode shape, height, and positioning for precise targeting of neuron populations distributed in 3D. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated in tackling the critical challenge of interfacing with the retina—specifically, selectively targeting retinal ganglion cell (RGC) somas while avoiding the axon bundle layer. 6,600‐microelectrode, 35 µm pitch, tissue‐penetrating arrays are fabricated to obtain high‐fidelity, high‐resolution, and large‐scale retinal recording that reveals little axonal interference, a capability previously undemonstrated. Confocal microscopy further confirms the precise placement of the microelectrodes. This technology can be a versatile solution for interfacing silicon microelectronics with neural structures at a large scale and cellular resolution. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eeae5bbaf21b4bdc933a5d0b0af3c241 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2198-3844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-eeae5bbaf21b4bdc933a5d0b0af3c2412025-01-20T13:04:18ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442025-01-01123n/an/a10.1002/advs.202408602Direct‐Print 3D Electrodes for Large‐Scale, High‐Density, and Customizable Neural InterfacesPingyu Wang0Eric G. Wu1Hasan Uluşan2Eric Tianjiao Zhao3A.J. Phillips4Alexandra Kling5Madeline Rose Hays6Praful Krishna Vasireddy7Sasidhar Madugula8Ramandeep Vilkhu9Andreas Hierlemann10Guosong Hong11E.J. Chichilnisky12Nicholas A. Melosh13Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford CA 94305 USADepartment of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford University 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford CA 94305 USADepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering in Basel ETH Zürich Basel SwitzerlandDepartment of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford CA 94305 USADepartment of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford University 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford CA 94305 USADepartment of Neurosurgery Stanford University 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford CA 94305 USADepartment of Bioengineering Stanford University 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford CA 94305 USADepartment of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford University 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford CA 94305 USASchool of Medicine Stanford University Stanford University 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford CA 94305 USADepartment of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford University 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford CA 94305 USADepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering in Basel ETH Zürich Basel SwitzerlandDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford CA 94305 USADepartment of Neurosurgery Stanford University 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford CA 94305 USADepartment of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford CA 94305 USAAbstract Silicon‐based microelectronics can scalably record and modulate neural activity at high spatiotemporal resolution, but their planar form factor poses challenges in targeting 3D neural structures. A method for fabricating tissue‐penetrating 3D microelectrodes directly onto planar microelectronics using high‐resolution 3D printing via 2‐photon polymerization and scalable microfabrication technologies are presented. This approach enables customizable electrode shape, height, and positioning for precise targeting of neuron populations distributed in 3D. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated in tackling the critical challenge of interfacing with the retina—specifically, selectively targeting retinal ganglion cell (RGC) somas while avoiding the axon bundle layer. 6,600‐microelectrode, 35 µm pitch, tissue‐penetrating arrays are fabricated to obtain high‐fidelity, high‐resolution, and large‐scale retinal recording that reveals little axonal interference, a capability previously undemonstrated. Confocal microscopy further confirms the precise placement of the microelectrodes. This technology can be a versatile solution for interfacing silicon microelectronics with neural structures at a large scale and cellular resolution.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.2024086022‐photon polymerization3d microelectrodesbioelectronicsretinal interfaces |
| spellingShingle | Pingyu Wang Eric G. Wu Hasan Uluşan Eric Tianjiao Zhao A.J. Phillips Alexandra Kling Madeline Rose Hays Praful Krishna Vasireddy Sasidhar Madugula Ramandeep Vilkhu Andreas Hierlemann Guosong Hong E.J. Chichilnisky Nicholas A. Melosh Direct‐Print 3D Electrodes for Large‐Scale, High‐Density, and Customizable Neural Interfaces Advanced Science 2‐photon polymerization 3d microelectrodes bioelectronics retinal interfaces |
| title | Direct‐Print 3D Electrodes for Large‐Scale, High‐Density, and Customizable Neural Interfaces |
| title_full | Direct‐Print 3D Electrodes for Large‐Scale, High‐Density, and Customizable Neural Interfaces |
| title_fullStr | Direct‐Print 3D Electrodes for Large‐Scale, High‐Density, and Customizable Neural Interfaces |
| title_full_unstemmed | Direct‐Print 3D Electrodes for Large‐Scale, High‐Density, and Customizable Neural Interfaces |
| title_short | Direct‐Print 3D Electrodes for Large‐Scale, High‐Density, and Customizable Neural Interfaces |
| title_sort | direct print 3d electrodes for large scale high density and customizable neural interfaces |
| topic | 2‐photon polymerization 3d microelectrodes bioelectronics retinal interfaces |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202408602 |
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