Bioenergetic Modeling of the Relationship Between Voltage and Electroactive Microbial Biomass Yield for Bioelectrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methane
Optimal product synthesis in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) requires a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between external voltage and microbial yield. While most studies assume constant growth yields or rely on empirical estimates, this study presents a novel thermodynamic model, li...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Fermentation |
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| author | Vafa Ahmadi Nabin Aryal |
| author_facet | Vafa Ahmadi Nabin Aryal |
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| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Optimal product synthesis in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) requires a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between external voltage and microbial yield. While most studies assume constant growth yields or rely on empirical estimates, this study presents a novel thermodynamic model, linking anodic oxidation and cathodic carbon dioxide (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) reduction to methane (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) by growing microbial biofilm. Through integrating theoretical Gibbs free energy calculations, the model predicts electron and proton transfers for autotrophic methanogen and anode-respiring bacteria (ARB) growth, accounting for varying applied voltages and substrate concentrations. The findings identify an optimal applied cathodic potential of −0.3 V <i>vs</i>. the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) for maximizing <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> production under standard conditions (pH 7, 25 °C, 1 atm) regardless of ohmic losses. The model bridges the stoichiometry of anodic and cathodic biofilms, addressing research gaps in simulating anodic and cathodic biofilm growth simultaneously. Additionally, sensitivity analyses reveal that lower substrate concentrations require more negative voltages than standard condition to stimulate microbial growth. The model was validated using experimental data, demonstrating reasonable predictions of biomass growth and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> yield under different operating voltages in a multi substrate system. The results show that higher voltage inputs increase biomass yield while reducing <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> output due to non-optimal voltage. This validated model provides a tool for optimizing BES performance to enhance <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> recovery and biofilm stability. These insights contribute to finding optimum voltage for the highest <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> production for energy efficient <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> reduction for scaling up BES technology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ee967ec5878c4887b7de9a160d2c8812 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj-art-ee967ec5878c4887b7de9a160d2c88122025-01-24T13:32:10ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372025-01-011114010.3390/fermentation11010040Bioenergetic Modeling of the Relationship Between Voltage and Electroactive Microbial Biomass Yield for Bioelectrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to MethaneVafa Ahmadi0Nabin Aryal1Department of Process, Energy and Maritime, University of Southeastern Norway, Kjølnes Ring 56, 3918 Porsgrunn, NorwayDepartment of Process, Energy and Maritime, University of Southeastern Norway, Kjølnes Ring 56, 3918 Porsgrunn, NorwayOptimal product synthesis in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) requires a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between external voltage and microbial yield. While most studies assume constant growth yields or rely on empirical estimates, this study presents a novel thermodynamic model, linking anodic oxidation and cathodic carbon dioxide (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) reduction to methane (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) by growing microbial biofilm. Through integrating theoretical Gibbs free energy calculations, the model predicts electron and proton transfers for autotrophic methanogen and anode-respiring bacteria (ARB) growth, accounting for varying applied voltages and substrate concentrations. The findings identify an optimal applied cathodic potential of −0.3 V <i>vs</i>. the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) for maximizing <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> production under standard conditions (pH 7, 25 °C, 1 atm) regardless of ohmic losses. The model bridges the stoichiometry of anodic and cathodic biofilms, addressing research gaps in simulating anodic and cathodic biofilm growth simultaneously. Additionally, sensitivity analyses reveal that lower substrate concentrations require more negative voltages than standard condition to stimulate microbial growth. The model was validated using experimental data, demonstrating reasonable predictions of biomass growth and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> yield under different operating voltages in a multi substrate system. The results show that higher voltage inputs increase biomass yield while reducing <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> output due to non-optimal voltage. This validated model provides a tool for optimizing BES performance to enhance <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> recovery and biofilm stability. These insights contribute to finding optimum voltage for the highest <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> production for energy efficient <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> reduction for scaling up BES technology.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/1/40thermodynamic modelmicrobial yieldacetate oxidationmethane productionelectroactive biomass yield |
| spellingShingle | Vafa Ahmadi Nabin Aryal Bioenergetic Modeling of the Relationship Between Voltage and Electroactive Microbial Biomass Yield for Bioelectrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methane Fermentation thermodynamic model microbial yield acetate oxidation methane production electroactive biomass yield |
| title | Bioenergetic Modeling of the Relationship Between Voltage and Electroactive Microbial Biomass Yield for Bioelectrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methane |
| title_full | Bioenergetic Modeling of the Relationship Between Voltage and Electroactive Microbial Biomass Yield for Bioelectrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methane |
| title_fullStr | Bioenergetic Modeling of the Relationship Between Voltage and Electroactive Microbial Biomass Yield for Bioelectrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methane |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioenergetic Modeling of the Relationship Between Voltage and Electroactive Microbial Biomass Yield for Bioelectrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methane |
| title_short | Bioenergetic Modeling of the Relationship Between Voltage and Electroactive Microbial Biomass Yield for Bioelectrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methane |
| title_sort | bioenergetic modeling of the relationship between voltage and electroactive microbial biomass yield for bioelectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to methane |
| topic | thermodynamic model microbial yield acetate oxidation methane production electroactive biomass yield |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/1/40 |
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