Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily manifests as memory deficits and cognitive impairment and has created health challenges for patients and society. In AD, amyloid β-protein (Aβ) induces Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in microglia. Activation o...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7924199 |
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| _version_ | 1832562019611443200 |
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| author | Linyu Wu Xiaohui Xian Guangyu Xu Zixuan Tan Fang Dong Min Zhang Feng Zhang |
| author_facet | Linyu Wu Xiaohui Xian Guangyu Xu Zixuan Tan Fang Dong Min Zhang Feng Zhang |
| author_sort | Linyu Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily manifests as memory deficits and cognitive impairment and has created health challenges for patients and society. In AD, amyloid β-protein (Aβ) induces Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in microglia. Activation of TLR4 induces downstream signaling pathways and promotes the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which also trigger the activation of astrocytes and influence amyloid-dependent neuronal death. Therefore, TLR4 may be an important molecular target for treating AD by regulating neuroinflammation. Moreover, TLR4 regulates apoptosis, autophagy, and gut microbiota and is closely related to AD. This article reviews the role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of AD and a range of potential therapies targeting TLR4 for AD. Elucidating the regulatory mechanism of TLR4 in AD may provide valuable clues for developing new therapeutic strategies for AD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ee764542ce7b490d8e3a64969ba234f9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-ee764542ce7b490d8e3a64969ba234f92025-02-03T01:23:39ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation1466-18612022-01-01202210.1155/2022/7924199Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s DiseaseLinyu Wu0Xiaohui Xian1Guangyu Xu2Zixuan Tan3Fang Dong4Min Zhang5Feng Zhang6Department of Rehabilitation MedicineDepartment of PathophysiologyDepartment of Rehabilitation MedicineDepartment of Rehabilitation MedicineDepartment of Clinical Laboratory MedicineDepartment of PathophysiologyDepartment of Rehabilitation MedicineAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily manifests as memory deficits and cognitive impairment and has created health challenges for patients and society. In AD, amyloid β-protein (Aβ) induces Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in microglia. Activation of TLR4 induces downstream signaling pathways and promotes the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which also trigger the activation of astrocytes and influence amyloid-dependent neuronal death. Therefore, TLR4 may be an important molecular target for treating AD by regulating neuroinflammation. Moreover, TLR4 regulates apoptosis, autophagy, and gut microbiota and is closely related to AD. This article reviews the role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of AD and a range of potential therapies targeting TLR4 for AD. Elucidating the regulatory mechanism of TLR4 in AD may provide valuable clues for developing new therapeutic strategies for AD.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7924199 |
| spellingShingle | Linyu Wu Xiaohui Xian Guangyu Xu Zixuan Tan Fang Dong Min Zhang Feng Zhang Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full | Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_short | Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_sort | toll like receptor 4 a promising therapeutic target for alzheimer s disease |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7924199 |
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