Revealing an Extended Adsorption/Insertion‐Filling Sodium Storage Mechanism in Petroleum Coke‐Derived Amorphous Carbon
Abstract Amorphous carbon holds great promise as anode material for sodium‐ion batteries due to its cost‐effectiveness and good performance. However, its sodium storage mechanism, particularly the insertion process and origin of plateau capacity, remains controversial. Here, an extended adsorption/i...
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Wiley
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Advanced Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202407538 |
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| author | Jia‐He Lv Jing‐Song Wang Bin He Tao Wu An‐Hui Lu Wenrui Zhang Juping Xu Wen Yin Guang‐Ping Hao Wen‐Cui Li |
| author_facet | Jia‐He Lv Jing‐Song Wang Bin He Tao Wu An‐Hui Lu Wenrui Zhang Juping Xu Wen Yin Guang‐Ping Hao Wen‐Cui Li |
| author_sort | Jia‐He Lv |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Amorphous carbon holds great promise as anode material for sodium‐ion batteries due to its cost‐effectiveness and good performance. However, its sodium storage mechanism, particularly the insertion process and origin of plateau capacity, remains controversial. Here, an extended adsorption/insertion‐filling sodium storage mechanism is proposed using petroleum coke‐derived amorphous carbon as a multi‐microcrystalline model. Combining in situ X‐ray diffraction, in situ Raman, theoretical calculations, and neutron scattering, the effective storage form and location of sodium ions in amorphous carbon are revealed. The sodium adsorption at defect sites leads to a high‐potential sloping capacity. The sodium insertion process occurs in both the pseudo‐graphite phase (d002 > 0.370 nm) and graphite‐like phase (0.345 ≤ d002 < 0.370 nm) rather than the graphite phase, contributing to low‐potential sloping capacity. The sodium filling into accessible closed pores forms quasi‐metallic sodium clusters, contributing to plateau capacity. The threshold of the effective interlayer spacing for sodium insertion is extended to 0.345 nm, breaking the consensus of insertion interlayer threshold and enhancing understanding of closed pore filling. The extended adsorption/insertion‐filling mechanism explains the sodium storage behavior of amorphous carbon with different microstructures, providing theoretical guidance for the rational design of high‐performance amorphous carbon anodes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ee2eac1ced0547a4b80dd46fb9e7625f |
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| issn | 2198-3844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Advanced Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-ee2eac1ced0547a4b80dd46fb9e7625f2025-08-20T02:15:32ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442024-11-011142n/an/a10.1002/advs.202407538Revealing an Extended Adsorption/Insertion‐Filling Sodium Storage Mechanism in Petroleum Coke‐Derived Amorphous CarbonJia‐He Lv0Jing‐Song Wang1Bin He2Tao Wu3An‐Hui Lu4Wenrui Zhang5Juping Xu6Wen Yin7Guang‐Ping Hao8Wen‐Cui Li9State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. ChinaSpallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803 P. R. ChinaSpallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. ChinaAbstract Amorphous carbon holds great promise as anode material for sodium‐ion batteries due to its cost‐effectiveness and good performance. However, its sodium storage mechanism, particularly the insertion process and origin of plateau capacity, remains controversial. Here, an extended adsorption/insertion‐filling sodium storage mechanism is proposed using petroleum coke‐derived amorphous carbon as a multi‐microcrystalline model. Combining in situ X‐ray diffraction, in situ Raman, theoretical calculations, and neutron scattering, the effective storage form and location of sodium ions in amorphous carbon are revealed. The sodium adsorption at defect sites leads to a high‐potential sloping capacity. The sodium insertion process occurs in both the pseudo‐graphite phase (d002 > 0.370 nm) and graphite‐like phase (0.345 ≤ d002 < 0.370 nm) rather than the graphite phase, contributing to low‐potential sloping capacity. The sodium filling into accessible closed pores forms quasi‐metallic sodium clusters, contributing to plateau capacity. The threshold of the effective interlayer spacing for sodium insertion is extended to 0.345 nm, breaking the consensus of insertion interlayer threshold and enhancing understanding of closed pore filling. The extended adsorption/insertion‐filling mechanism explains the sodium storage behavior of amorphous carbon with different microstructures, providing theoretical guidance for the rational design of high‐performance amorphous carbon anodes.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202407538closed pore fillinginterlayer insertionpetroleum cokesodium storage mechanismsodium‐ion batteries |
| spellingShingle | Jia‐He Lv Jing‐Song Wang Bin He Tao Wu An‐Hui Lu Wenrui Zhang Juping Xu Wen Yin Guang‐Ping Hao Wen‐Cui Li Revealing an Extended Adsorption/Insertion‐Filling Sodium Storage Mechanism in Petroleum Coke‐Derived Amorphous Carbon Advanced Science closed pore filling interlayer insertion petroleum coke sodium storage mechanism sodium‐ion batteries |
| title | Revealing an Extended Adsorption/Insertion‐Filling Sodium Storage Mechanism in Petroleum Coke‐Derived Amorphous Carbon |
| title_full | Revealing an Extended Adsorption/Insertion‐Filling Sodium Storage Mechanism in Petroleum Coke‐Derived Amorphous Carbon |
| title_fullStr | Revealing an Extended Adsorption/Insertion‐Filling Sodium Storage Mechanism in Petroleum Coke‐Derived Amorphous Carbon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revealing an Extended Adsorption/Insertion‐Filling Sodium Storage Mechanism in Petroleum Coke‐Derived Amorphous Carbon |
| title_short | Revealing an Extended Adsorption/Insertion‐Filling Sodium Storage Mechanism in Petroleum Coke‐Derived Amorphous Carbon |
| title_sort | revealing an extended adsorption insertion filling sodium storage mechanism in petroleum coke derived amorphous carbon |
| topic | closed pore filling interlayer insertion petroleum coke sodium storage mechanism sodium‐ion batteries |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202407538 |
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