Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Soil Microbial Structure in Paddy Soil When Combined with Rice Straw Return
Metagenomic sequencing of the microbial soil community was used to assess the effect of various nitrogen fertilizer treatments in combination with constant rice straw return to the soil in the tiller layer of Northeast China’s black paddy soil used for rice production. Here, we investigated changes...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Xiannan Zeng Qi Wang Qiulai Song Quanxi Liang Yu Sun Fuqiang Song |
| author_facet | Xiannan Zeng Qi Wang Qiulai Song Quanxi Liang Yu Sun Fuqiang Song |
| author_sort | Xiannan Zeng |
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| description | Metagenomic sequencing of the microbial soil community was used to assess the effect of various nitrogen fertilizer treatments in combination with constant rice straw return to the soil in the tiller layer of Northeast China’s black paddy soil used for rice production. Here, we investigated changes in the composition, diversity, and structure of soil microbial communities in the soil treated with four amounts of nitrogen fertilizers (53, 93, 133, and 173 kg/ha) applied to the soil under a constant straw return of 7500 kg/ha, with a control not receiving N. The relationships between soil microbial community structure and soil physical and chemical properties were determined. The results showed that the available K content of the soil significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased in soil receiving the lowest N-fertilizer dose. When applied at high amounts, N-fertilizer changed the Chao1 and ACE indices of the soil microorganisms (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the treatments resulted in significant differences in the β-diversity of the soil microorganisms. By NMDS analysis it was demonstrated that the treatment significantly affected the structure of the soil microbial communities. Redundancy analysis showed that the main physicochemical drivers behind these differences were total nitrogen, total potassium, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available potassium. The soil microbial communities in the control treatment were negatively correlated with nitrate and ammonium nitrogen; the lowest N-fertilizer treatment produced positive correlations with total nitrogen, total potassium, and total phosphorus and negative correlations with ammonium nitrogen; the highest dose negatively correlated with total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, and pH. This study showed that moderate N fertilizer application is an effective way to increase soil microbial diversity and improve soil quality. This experiment provides technical support for the application of the alternative fertilizer technology of straw return to the field and provides a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of paddy fields in a cold climate. |
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| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-ee2df93bf24b4038bce4fb734b2a5c662025-01-24T13:42:33ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-01-011317910.3390/microorganisms13010079Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Soil Microbial Structure in Paddy Soil When Combined with Rice Straw ReturnXiannan Zeng0Qi Wang1Qiulai Song2Quanxi Liang3Yu Sun4Fuqiang Song5Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaInstitute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150023, ChinaInstitute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150023, ChinaInstitute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150023, ChinaInstitute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150023, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaMetagenomic sequencing of the microbial soil community was used to assess the effect of various nitrogen fertilizer treatments in combination with constant rice straw return to the soil in the tiller layer of Northeast China’s black paddy soil used for rice production. Here, we investigated changes in the composition, diversity, and structure of soil microbial communities in the soil treated with four amounts of nitrogen fertilizers (53, 93, 133, and 173 kg/ha) applied to the soil under a constant straw return of 7500 kg/ha, with a control not receiving N. The relationships between soil microbial community structure and soil physical and chemical properties were determined. The results showed that the available K content of the soil significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased in soil receiving the lowest N-fertilizer dose. When applied at high amounts, N-fertilizer changed the Chao1 and ACE indices of the soil microorganisms (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the treatments resulted in significant differences in the β-diversity of the soil microorganisms. By NMDS analysis it was demonstrated that the treatment significantly affected the structure of the soil microbial communities. Redundancy analysis showed that the main physicochemical drivers behind these differences were total nitrogen, total potassium, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available potassium. The soil microbial communities in the control treatment were negatively correlated with nitrate and ammonium nitrogen; the lowest N-fertilizer treatment produced positive correlations with total nitrogen, total potassium, and total phosphorus and negative correlations with ammonium nitrogen; the highest dose negatively correlated with total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, and pH. This study showed that moderate N fertilizer application is an effective way to increase soil microbial diversity and improve soil quality. This experiment provides technical support for the application of the alternative fertilizer technology of straw return to the field and provides a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of paddy fields in a cold climate.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/79metagenomicsmicrobial community diversityrice soilsoil microorganismsstraw |
| spellingShingle | Xiannan Zeng Qi Wang Qiulai Song Quanxi Liang Yu Sun Fuqiang Song Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Soil Microbial Structure in Paddy Soil When Combined with Rice Straw Return Microorganisms metagenomics microbial community diversity rice soil soil microorganisms straw |
| title | Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Soil Microbial Structure in Paddy Soil When Combined with Rice Straw Return |
| title_full | Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Soil Microbial Structure in Paddy Soil When Combined with Rice Straw Return |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Soil Microbial Structure in Paddy Soil When Combined with Rice Straw Return |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Soil Microbial Structure in Paddy Soil When Combined with Rice Straw Return |
| title_short | Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Soil Microbial Structure in Paddy Soil When Combined with Rice Straw Return |
| title_sort | effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on soil microbial structure in paddy soil when combined with rice straw return |
| topic | metagenomics microbial community diversity rice soil soil microorganisms straw |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/79 |
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