The Prevalence of Undiagnosed HIV Infection in Those Who Decline HIV Screening in an Urban Emergency Department
Objective. To determine the prevalence of occult HIV infection in patients who decline routine HIV testing in an urban emergency department. Design, Setting, and Patients. Discarded blood samples were obtained from patients who had declined routine ED HIV testing. After insuring that the samples c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2011-01-01
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| Series: | AIDS Research and Treatment |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/879065 |
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| author | M. Czarnogorski J. Brown V. Lee J. Oben I. Kuo R. Stern G. Simon |
| author_facet | M. Czarnogorski J. Brown V. Lee J. Oben I. Kuo R. Stern G. Simon |
| author_sort | M. Czarnogorski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective. To determine the prevalence of occult HIV infection in patients who decline routine HIV testing in an urban emergency department.
Design, Setting, and Patients. Discarded blood samples were obtained from patients who had declined routine ED HIV testing. After insuring that the samples came from patients not known to be HIV positive, they were deidentified, and rapid HIV testing was preformed using 5 μL of whole blood.
Main Outcome Measures. The prevalence of occult HIV infection in those who declined testing compared with prevalence in those who accepted testing.
Results. 600 consecutive samples of patients who declined routine HIV screening were screened for HIV. Twelve (2%) were reactive. Over the same period of time, 4845 patients accepted routine HIV testing. Of these, 35 (0.7%) were reactive. The difference in the prevalence of HIV infection between those who declined and those who accepted testing was significant (𝑃=.001). The relative risk of undetected HIV infection in the group that declined testing was 2.74 times higher (95% CI 1.44–5.18) compared with those accepted testing.
Conclusion. The rate of occult HIV infection is nearly three-times higher in those who decline routine ED HIV testing compared with those who accept such testing. Interventions are urgently needed to decrease the opt-out rate in routine ED HIV testing settings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ee0ec102f437473f8b019d4d784bfe88 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-1240 2090-1259 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AIDS Research and Treatment |
| spelling | doaj-art-ee0ec102f437473f8b019d4d784bfe882025-02-03T01:04:55ZengWileyAIDS Research and Treatment2090-12402090-12592011-01-01201110.1155/2011/879065879065The Prevalence of Undiagnosed HIV Infection in Those Who Decline HIV Screening in an Urban Emergency DepartmentM. Czarnogorski0J. Brown1V. Lee2J. Oben3I. Kuo4R. Stern5G. Simon6Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USAObjective. To determine the prevalence of occult HIV infection in patients who decline routine HIV testing in an urban emergency department. Design, Setting, and Patients. Discarded blood samples were obtained from patients who had declined routine ED HIV testing. After insuring that the samples came from patients not known to be HIV positive, they were deidentified, and rapid HIV testing was preformed using 5 μL of whole blood. Main Outcome Measures. The prevalence of occult HIV infection in those who declined testing compared with prevalence in those who accepted testing. Results. 600 consecutive samples of patients who declined routine HIV screening were screened for HIV. Twelve (2%) were reactive. Over the same period of time, 4845 patients accepted routine HIV testing. Of these, 35 (0.7%) were reactive. The difference in the prevalence of HIV infection between those who declined and those who accepted testing was significant (𝑃=.001). The relative risk of undetected HIV infection in the group that declined testing was 2.74 times higher (95% CI 1.44–5.18) compared with those accepted testing. Conclusion. The rate of occult HIV infection is nearly three-times higher in those who decline routine ED HIV testing compared with those who accept such testing. Interventions are urgently needed to decrease the opt-out rate in routine ED HIV testing settings.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/879065 |
| spellingShingle | M. Czarnogorski J. Brown V. Lee J. Oben I. Kuo R. Stern G. Simon The Prevalence of Undiagnosed HIV Infection in Those Who Decline HIV Screening in an Urban Emergency Department AIDS Research and Treatment |
| title | The Prevalence of Undiagnosed HIV Infection in Those Who Decline HIV Screening in an Urban Emergency Department |
| title_full | The Prevalence of Undiagnosed HIV Infection in Those Who Decline HIV Screening in an Urban Emergency Department |
| title_fullStr | The Prevalence of Undiagnosed HIV Infection in Those Who Decline HIV Screening in an Urban Emergency Department |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Prevalence of Undiagnosed HIV Infection in Those Who Decline HIV Screening in an Urban Emergency Department |
| title_short | The Prevalence of Undiagnosed HIV Infection in Those Who Decline HIV Screening in an Urban Emergency Department |
| title_sort | prevalence of undiagnosed hiv infection in those who decline hiv screening in an urban emergency department |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/879065 |
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