Genome-wide Analysis of CONSTANS-like (CqCOL) Transcription Factors in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): Structural Diversity, Phylogeny, and Stress-Responsive Expression

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an ancient grain renowned for its remarkable nutritional value and remarkable adaptability to diverse environmental conditions, making it a valuable crop for enhancing food security. Understanding the molecular mechanisms triggering its development and stress response...

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Main Authors: Huyen Thi Thanh Tran, Gioi Huy Dong, Ha Duc Chu, Phi Bang Cao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Bogor Agricultural University 2025-05-01
Series:Hayati Journal of Biosciences
Online Access:https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/hayati/article/view/60038
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author Huyen Thi Thanh Tran
Gioi Huy Dong
Ha Duc Chu
Phi Bang Cao
author_facet Huyen Thi Thanh Tran
Gioi Huy Dong
Ha Duc Chu
Phi Bang Cao
author_sort Huyen Thi Thanh Tran
collection DOAJ
description Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an ancient grain renowned for its remarkable nutritional value and remarkable adaptability to diverse environmental conditions, making it a valuable crop for enhancing food security. Understanding the molecular mechanisms triggering its development and stress responses is crucial for crop improvement. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the CONSTANS-like (CqCOL) transcription factors in quinoa, which play a pivotal role in photoperiodic flowering regulation. We identified and characterized 20 CqCOL genes, analyzing their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and promoter regions. Our findings revealed significant diversity among the CqCOL proteins and suggested potential functional specialization within the family. Promoter analysis uncovered various stress-responsive and phytohormone-responsive cis-regulatory elements, revealing that CqCOL genes may be associated with stress adaptation and hormonal signaling pathways. Transcriptomic analyses under different conditions supported these insights, highlighting the importance of CqCOL genes in quinoa's developmental processes and stress responses. Specifically, most CqCOL genes exhibited stable expression under heat stress, except CqCOL02 and CqCOL12, which were induced in roots by 1.85- and 1.91-fold, respectively. Under normal conditions, CqCOL01, CqCOL11, and CqCOL18 showed organ-specific expression, particularly in flowers and leaves, with no expression detected in roots. This study enhances our understanding of the CqCOL transcription factor family. It provides a foundation for future functional studies and breeding strategies aimed at improving stress tolerance and optimizing flowering time in quinoa.
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spelling doaj-art-edee8d5a6cd2445faaa8577d4d2c9b782025-08-20T02:06:47ZengBogor Agricultural UniversityHayati Journal of Biosciences1978-30192086-40942025-05-0132510.4308/hjb.32.5.1135-1146Genome-wide Analysis of CONSTANS-like (CqCOL) Transcription Factors in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): Structural Diversity, Phylogeny, and Stress-Responsive ExpressionHuyen Thi Thanh Tran0Gioi Huy Dong1Ha Duc Chu2Phi Bang Cao3Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi City 122300, VietnamFaculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi City 122300, VietnamFaculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City 122300, VietnamFaculty of Natural Sciences, Hung Vuong University, Phu Tho Province 35000, Vietnam Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an ancient grain renowned for its remarkable nutritional value and remarkable adaptability to diverse environmental conditions, making it a valuable crop for enhancing food security. Understanding the molecular mechanisms triggering its development and stress responses is crucial for crop improvement. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the CONSTANS-like (CqCOL) transcription factors in quinoa, which play a pivotal role in photoperiodic flowering regulation. We identified and characterized 20 CqCOL genes, analyzing their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and promoter regions. Our findings revealed significant diversity among the CqCOL proteins and suggested potential functional specialization within the family. Promoter analysis uncovered various stress-responsive and phytohormone-responsive cis-regulatory elements, revealing that CqCOL genes may be associated with stress adaptation and hormonal signaling pathways. Transcriptomic analyses under different conditions supported these insights, highlighting the importance of CqCOL genes in quinoa's developmental processes and stress responses. Specifically, most CqCOL genes exhibited stable expression under heat stress, except CqCOL02 and CqCOL12, which were induced in roots by 1.85- and 1.91-fold, respectively. Under normal conditions, CqCOL01, CqCOL11, and CqCOL18 showed organ-specific expression, particularly in flowers and leaves, with no expression detected in roots. This study enhances our understanding of the CqCOL transcription factor family. It provides a foundation for future functional studies and breeding strategies aimed at improving stress tolerance and optimizing flowering time in quinoa. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/hayati/article/view/60038
spellingShingle Huyen Thi Thanh Tran
Gioi Huy Dong
Ha Duc Chu
Phi Bang Cao
Genome-wide Analysis of CONSTANS-like (CqCOL) Transcription Factors in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): Structural Diversity, Phylogeny, and Stress-Responsive Expression
Hayati Journal of Biosciences
title Genome-wide Analysis of CONSTANS-like (CqCOL) Transcription Factors in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): Structural Diversity, Phylogeny, and Stress-Responsive Expression
title_full Genome-wide Analysis of CONSTANS-like (CqCOL) Transcription Factors in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): Structural Diversity, Phylogeny, and Stress-Responsive Expression
title_fullStr Genome-wide Analysis of CONSTANS-like (CqCOL) Transcription Factors in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): Structural Diversity, Phylogeny, and Stress-Responsive Expression
title_full_unstemmed Genome-wide Analysis of CONSTANS-like (CqCOL) Transcription Factors in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): Structural Diversity, Phylogeny, and Stress-Responsive Expression
title_short Genome-wide Analysis of CONSTANS-like (CqCOL) Transcription Factors in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): Structural Diversity, Phylogeny, and Stress-Responsive Expression
title_sort genome wide analysis of constans like cqcol transcription factors in quinoa chenopodium quinoa structural diversity phylogeny and stress responsive expression
url https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/hayati/article/view/60038
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