Design evaluation of automatic bearing offset adjustment for marine propeller shaft

Abstract Conventional marine propeller shaft alignment is performed under predetermined conditions of dry-docking or afloat with fully submerged propellers. It may overlook high-risk scenarios of partial propeller immersion or transient conditions during sailing and maneuvering. Factors such as hull...

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Main Authors: Riyadh Mohammed Bsiso, Zaidi Mohd Ripin, Chan Ping Yi, Muhammad Ikhwan Zaini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04965-7
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author Riyadh Mohammed Bsiso
Zaidi Mohd Ripin
Chan Ping Yi
Muhammad Ikhwan Zaini
author_facet Riyadh Mohammed Bsiso
Zaidi Mohd Ripin
Chan Ping Yi
Muhammad Ikhwan Zaini
author_sort Riyadh Mohammed Bsiso
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Conventional marine propeller shaft alignment is performed under predetermined conditions of dry-docking or afloat with fully submerged propellers. It may overlook high-risk scenarios of partial propeller immersion or transient conditions during sailing and maneuvering. Factors such as hull deformation, propeller cavitation, imbalanced hydrodynamic forces in shallow waters, and draft changes from cargo shifts or ballast adjustments can cause excessive shaft displacement and large bending moment, negatively affecting the stern tube bearing. Adjusting the bearing offset, while maintaining the bearing clearance, is known to change the bearing reaction force and this effect is used in the automatic control of bearing vertical elevation using the shaft displacement and slope data together at the stern tube, and the reaction force of the intermediate bearing which acts as the control bearing. The shaft data at the stern tube bearing are the observed parameters set not to exceed the limit prescribed by the Classification Societies. This can be achieved by the active elevation adjustment of the intermediate bearing using a hydraulic actuator. To demonstrate the feasibility of this automatic control design, a model of a marine shaft system of a 50,000 DWT medium-range tanker is equipped with an automatic bearing elevation adjustment system with a PID controller. The results showed significant improvement in the shaft bending parameters, where the optimum elevation of the intermediate bearing is calculated at − 0.076 mm instead of − 0.9 mm for static evaluation, resulting in the slope of the shaft at the stern tube bearing of − 0.3 mrad compared to − 0.499 mrad under the operational load conditions. In the specific case of partial propeller immersion, which is often considered the most harmful, the maximum shaft slope at the stern tube bearing improved from 0.427 mrad (static-based setting) to 0.294 mrad using the automatic system, which is below the limit of 0.300 mrad set forth by the classification societies.
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spelling doaj-art-edcf08d7a8fa4e20bb6fcfdea498a9582025-08-20T03:45:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-04965-7Design evaluation of automatic bearing offset adjustment for marine propeller shaftRiyadh Mohammed Bsiso0Zaidi Mohd Ripin1Chan Ping Yi2Muhammad Ikhwan Zaini3TheVibrationLab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains MalaysiaTheVibrationLab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains MalaysiaSchool of Engineering, Monash UniversityTheVibrationLab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains MalaysiaAbstract Conventional marine propeller shaft alignment is performed under predetermined conditions of dry-docking or afloat with fully submerged propellers. It may overlook high-risk scenarios of partial propeller immersion or transient conditions during sailing and maneuvering. Factors such as hull deformation, propeller cavitation, imbalanced hydrodynamic forces in shallow waters, and draft changes from cargo shifts or ballast adjustments can cause excessive shaft displacement and large bending moment, negatively affecting the stern tube bearing. Adjusting the bearing offset, while maintaining the bearing clearance, is known to change the bearing reaction force and this effect is used in the automatic control of bearing vertical elevation using the shaft displacement and slope data together at the stern tube, and the reaction force of the intermediate bearing which acts as the control bearing. The shaft data at the stern tube bearing are the observed parameters set not to exceed the limit prescribed by the Classification Societies. This can be achieved by the active elevation adjustment of the intermediate bearing using a hydraulic actuator. To demonstrate the feasibility of this automatic control design, a model of a marine shaft system of a 50,000 DWT medium-range tanker is equipped with an automatic bearing elevation adjustment system with a PID controller. The results showed significant improvement in the shaft bending parameters, where the optimum elevation of the intermediate bearing is calculated at − 0.076 mm instead of − 0.9 mm for static evaluation, resulting in the slope of the shaft at the stern tube bearing of − 0.3 mrad compared to − 0.499 mrad under the operational load conditions. In the specific case of partial propeller immersion, which is often considered the most harmful, the maximum shaft slope at the stern tube bearing improved from 0.427 mrad (static-based setting) to 0.294 mrad using the automatic system, which is below the limit of 0.300 mrad set forth by the classification societies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04965-7Propulsion shaftingAdjustable bearing offsetOptimizationActive controlHull deformation
spellingShingle Riyadh Mohammed Bsiso
Zaidi Mohd Ripin
Chan Ping Yi
Muhammad Ikhwan Zaini
Design evaluation of automatic bearing offset adjustment for marine propeller shaft
Scientific Reports
Propulsion shafting
Adjustable bearing offset
Optimization
Active control
Hull deformation
title Design evaluation of automatic bearing offset adjustment for marine propeller shaft
title_full Design evaluation of automatic bearing offset adjustment for marine propeller shaft
title_fullStr Design evaluation of automatic bearing offset adjustment for marine propeller shaft
title_full_unstemmed Design evaluation of automatic bearing offset adjustment for marine propeller shaft
title_short Design evaluation of automatic bearing offset adjustment for marine propeller shaft
title_sort design evaluation of automatic bearing offset adjustment for marine propeller shaft
topic Propulsion shafting
Adjustable bearing offset
Optimization
Active control
Hull deformation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04965-7
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