Replacement of fishmeal with Quinoa Husk (Chenopodium quinoa) for mitigating multiple stresses in Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus
Abstract The fishmeal is boon for aquaculture production in this recent pollution and climate change era. However, the demand of fishmeal is enhancing in many folds which needs to find alternative to fishmeal in cheap price. The present investigation addresses these issues with quinoa husk (QH). An...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85617-8 |
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| author | Neeraj Kumar Paritosh Kumar Aliza Pradhan Dilip Kumar Singh Tarkeshwar Kumar Jagadish Rane Kotha Sammi Reddy |
| author_facet | Neeraj Kumar Paritosh Kumar Aliza Pradhan Dilip Kumar Singh Tarkeshwar Kumar Jagadish Rane Kotha Sammi Reddy |
| author_sort | Neeraj Kumar |
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| description | Abstract The fishmeal is boon for aquaculture production in this recent pollution and climate change era. However, the demand of fishmeal is enhancing in many folds which needs to find alternative to fishmeal in cheap price. The present investigation addresses these issues with quinoa husk (QH). An experiment was performed to evaluate replacement of fishmeal by QH in different proportionate at 0, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35%. The study was designed with 12 treatments as control, stressors group (concurrent exposed to ammonia, arsenic and high temperature stress, NH3+As+T), group fed with QH at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35% without and with stressors (NH3+As+T) in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus for 105 days. The optimization of QH dose for growth performance such as food conversion ratio, growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate with respect to protein percentage and obtained 26%. The oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in gill, kidney and liver tissues were significantly lowered by replacement of fishmeal by QH at 25% in fish reared under arsenic and ammonia toxicity and high temperature stress (NH3+As+T). The neurotransmitter enzyme (AChE) in brain tissue was noticeably enhanced by QH at 25%. The aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) as well as malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in gill and liver were significantly reduced by QH at 25% in fish reread under multiple stresses (NH3+As+T). The nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), blood glucose, albumin, globulin, total protein, A:G ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and total immunoglobulin (Ig) were noticeably improved by supplementation of QH at 25–30% in fish reared under NH3+As+T. The amylase, protease and lipase were significant improved with replacement of fishmeal by QH at 25%. The histo-pathological alterations were marked in liver and gill tissues, whereas these tissues were protected by QH at 25% in fish reared under control and stress condition (NH3+As+T). The present study revealed that replacement of fishmeal at 25% by QH could be a better replacement for improvement in anti-oxidative status, acetylcholine esterase and growth performance in fish reread under NH3+As+T stress. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eda7b54519bb4555a156f2e06fffc731 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-eda7b54519bb4555a156f2e06fffc7312025-01-19T12:22:13ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-85617-8Replacement of fishmeal with Quinoa Husk (Chenopodium quinoa) for mitigating multiple stresses in Pangasianodon HypophthalmusNeeraj Kumar0Paritosh Kumar1Aliza Pradhan2Dilip Kumar Singh3Tarkeshwar Kumar4Jagadish Rane5Kotha Sammi Reddy6ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress ManagementICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress ManagementICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress ManagementICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries EducationICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region (ICAR-RCER)ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress ManagementICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress ManagementAbstract The fishmeal is boon for aquaculture production in this recent pollution and climate change era. However, the demand of fishmeal is enhancing in many folds which needs to find alternative to fishmeal in cheap price. The present investigation addresses these issues with quinoa husk (QH). An experiment was performed to evaluate replacement of fishmeal by QH in different proportionate at 0, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35%. The study was designed with 12 treatments as control, stressors group (concurrent exposed to ammonia, arsenic and high temperature stress, NH3+As+T), group fed with QH at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35% without and with stressors (NH3+As+T) in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus for 105 days. The optimization of QH dose for growth performance such as food conversion ratio, growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate with respect to protein percentage and obtained 26%. The oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in gill, kidney and liver tissues were significantly lowered by replacement of fishmeal by QH at 25% in fish reared under arsenic and ammonia toxicity and high temperature stress (NH3+As+T). The neurotransmitter enzyme (AChE) in brain tissue was noticeably enhanced by QH at 25%. The aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) as well as malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in gill and liver were significantly reduced by QH at 25% in fish reread under multiple stresses (NH3+As+T). The nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), blood glucose, albumin, globulin, total protein, A:G ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and total immunoglobulin (Ig) were noticeably improved by supplementation of QH at 25–30% in fish reared under NH3+As+T. The amylase, protease and lipase were significant improved with replacement of fishmeal by QH at 25%. The histo-pathological alterations were marked in liver and gill tissues, whereas these tissues were protected by QH at 25% in fish reared under control and stress condition (NH3+As+T). The present study revealed that replacement of fishmeal at 25% by QH could be a better replacement for improvement in anti-oxidative status, acetylcholine esterase and growth performance in fish reread under NH3+As+T stress.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85617-8Quinoa huskAnti-oxidative statusMetabolic enzymesHistopathologyStress |
| spellingShingle | Neeraj Kumar Paritosh Kumar Aliza Pradhan Dilip Kumar Singh Tarkeshwar Kumar Jagadish Rane Kotha Sammi Reddy Replacement of fishmeal with Quinoa Husk (Chenopodium quinoa) for mitigating multiple stresses in Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus Scientific Reports Quinoa husk Anti-oxidative status Metabolic enzymes Histopathology Stress |
| title | Replacement of fishmeal with Quinoa Husk (Chenopodium quinoa) for mitigating multiple stresses in Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus |
| title_full | Replacement of fishmeal with Quinoa Husk (Chenopodium quinoa) for mitigating multiple stresses in Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus |
| title_fullStr | Replacement of fishmeal with Quinoa Husk (Chenopodium quinoa) for mitigating multiple stresses in Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Replacement of fishmeal with Quinoa Husk (Chenopodium quinoa) for mitigating multiple stresses in Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus |
| title_short | Replacement of fishmeal with Quinoa Husk (Chenopodium quinoa) for mitigating multiple stresses in Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus |
| title_sort | replacement of fishmeal with quinoa husk chenopodium quinoa for mitigating multiple stresses in pangasianodon hypophthalmus |
| topic | Quinoa husk Anti-oxidative status Metabolic enzymes Histopathology Stress |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85617-8 |
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