(Sr1-xCax)2SnO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with Ruddlesden-Popper structure (x = 0–0.06) for microwave application
In this study, (Sr1-xCax)2SnO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) ceramics were synthesized via a conventional solid-state reaction method to investigate the effect of Ca2 + substitution on their structural and microwave dielectric properties. Rietveld refinement study confirmed the formation of a single-phase tetragon...
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| author | Raj Kumar Vipin Kumar Gupta Upendra Kumar |
| author_facet | Raj Kumar Vipin Kumar Gupta Upendra Kumar |
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| description | In this study, (Sr1-xCax)2SnO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) ceramics were synthesized via a conventional solid-state reaction method to investigate the effect of Ca2 + substitution on their structural and microwave dielectric properties. Rietveld refinement study confirmed the formation of a single-phase tetragonal Ruddlesden–Popper (R–P) structure with space group I4/mmm across all compositions. The progressive replacement of larger Sr²⁺ ions with smaller Ca²⁺ ions at the A-site led to a systematic reduction in lattice parameters, indicating successful ionic substitution and lattice distortion. Vibrational analyses using Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy validated the R–P phase, with characteristic Sn–O stretching bands at 582 cm−1 and 726 cm−1, and a prominent Raman peak at 570 cm−1. Microwave dielectric measurements revealed that the relative permittivity (εᵣ) and the quality factor (Q×f) increased with Ca content up to x = 0.02, due to improved microstructural densification and reduced defect-induced dielectric losses. Additionally, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) decreased with increasing Ca content, reaching a minimum of 1.45 ppm/°C at x = 0.02, suggesting enhanced thermal stability attributed to modified bond dynamics and increased lattice rigidity. The optimal composition (x = 0.02) demonstrated excellent dielectric performance, with εᵣ = 33, Q×f = 32,517 GHz, and near-zero (τf), making it a promising candidate for high-performance microwave dielectric applications in next-generation telecommunication systems. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-ed627bac93c849bea256413a80d3f3b12025-08-20T02:29:43ZengElsevierNext Materials2949-82282025-07-01810074810.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100748(Sr1-xCax)2SnO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with Ruddlesden-Popper structure (x = 0–0.06) for microwave applicationRaj Kumar0Vipin Kumar Gupta1Upendra Kumar2Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Sciences, IIIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211015, IndiaAdvanced Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Sciences, IIIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211015, IndiaCorresponding author.; Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Sciences, IIIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211015, IndiaIn this study, (Sr1-xCax)2SnO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) ceramics were synthesized via a conventional solid-state reaction method to investigate the effect of Ca2 + substitution on their structural and microwave dielectric properties. Rietveld refinement study confirmed the formation of a single-phase tetragonal Ruddlesden–Popper (R–P) structure with space group I4/mmm across all compositions. The progressive replacement of larger Sr²⁺ ions with smaller Ca²⁺ ions at the A-site led to a systematic reduction in lattice parameters, indicating successful ionic substitution and lattice distortion. Vibrational analyses using Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy validated the R–P phase, with characteristic Sn–O stretching bands at 582 cm−1 and 726 cm−1, and a prominent Raman peak at 570 cm−1. Microwave dielectric measurements revealed that the relative permittivity (εᵣ) and the quality factor (Q×f) increased with Ca content up to x = 0.02, due to improved microstructural densification and reduced defect-induced dielectric losses. Additionally, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) decreased with increasing Ca content, reaching a minimum of 1.45 ppm/°C at x = 0.02, suggesting enhanced thermal stability attributed to modified bond dynamics and increased lattice rigidity. The optimal composition (x = 0.02) demonstrated excellent dielectric performance, with εᵣ = 33, Q×f = 32,517 GHz, and near-zero (τf), making it a promising candidate for high-performance microwave dielectric applications in next-generation telecommunication systems.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949822825002667Ruddlesden-Popper oxideRietveld refinementMicrostructurePolarizabilityLow-loss ceramics |
| spellingShingle | Raj Kumar Vipin Kumar Gupta Upendra Kumar (Sr1-xCax)2SnO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with Ruddlesden-Popper structure (x = 0–0.06) for microwave application Next Materials Ruddlesden-Popper oxide Rietveld refinement Microstructure Polarizability Low-loss ceramics |
| title | (Sr1-xCax)2SnO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with Ruddlesden-Popper structure (x = 0–0.06) for microwave application |
| title_full | (Sr1-xCax)2SnO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with Ruddlesden-Popper structure (x = 0–0.06) for microwave application |
| title_fullStr | (Sr1-xCax)2SnO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with Ruddlesden-Popper structure (x = 0–0.06) for microwave application |
| title_full_unstemmed | (Sr1-xCax)2SnO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with Ruddlesden-Popper structure (x = 0–0.06) for microwave application |
| title_short | (Sr1-xCax)2SnO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with Ruddlesden-Popper structure (x = 0–0.06) for microwave application |
| title_sort | sr1 xcax 2sno4 microwave dielectric ceramics with ruddlesden popper structure x 0 0 06 for microwave application |
| topic | Ruddlesden-Popper oxide Rietveld refinement Microstructure Polarizability Low-loss ceramics |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949822825002667 |
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