Critical updates on oral insulin drug delivery systems for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Exogenous insulin can counteract the diminished response to insulin and effectively controlling blood glucose levels, thereby minimizing diabetes-related comp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-03062-7 |
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| author | Chan Yew Low Wei Ling Gan Su Jeat Lai Rachel Su-May Tam Jie Fei Tan Stefanie Dietl Lay Hong Chuah Nicolas Voelcker Athirah Bakhtiar |
| author_facet | Chan Yew Low Wei Ling Gan Su Jeat Lai Rachel Su-May Tam Jie Fei Tan Stefanie Dietl Lay Hong Chuah Nicolas Voelcker Athirah Bakhtiar |
| author_sort | Chan Yew Low |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Exogenous insulin can counteract the diminished response to insulin and effectively controlling blood glucose levels, thereby minimizing diabetes-related complications. However, given the injectable nature of exogenous insulin, apprehensions regarding its safety and the difficulties associated with its administration have hindered its widespread and prompt utilization. In this context, advanced oral insulin formulations can improve medication adherence in patients with diabetes and enhance their quality of life. Over the last 20 years, sophisticated pharmaceutical technologies have been utilized to provide insulin through oral formulations. Despite the limited absorption of oral insulin, these studies have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in translating clinical discoveries into commercialization. This review examines the advancements of several oral insulin formulations in preclinical and clinical trials, their effectiveness and safety characteristics, and potential implications for future treatment options. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ed2b8a6d82d54c719b59f5d89f53fc08 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1477-3155 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-ed2b8a6d82d54c719b59f5d89f53fc082025-01-19T12:37:48ZengBMCJournal of Nanobiotechnology1477-31552025-01-0123112510.1186/s12951-024-03062-7Critical updates on oral insulin drug delivery systems for type 2 diabetes mellitusChan Yew Low0Wei Ling Gan1Su Jeat Lai2Rachel Su-May Tam3Jie Fei Tan4Stefanie Dietl5Lay Hong Chuah6Nicolas Voelcker7Athirah Bakhtiar8School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University Parkville CampusSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University Parkville CampusSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaAbstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Exogenous insulin can counteract the diminished response to insulin and effectively controlling blood glucose levels, thereby minimizing diabetes-related complications. However, given the injectable nature of exogenous insulin, apprehensions regarding its safety and the difficulties associated with its administration have hindered its widespread and prompt utilization. In this context, advanced oral insulin formulations can improve medication adherence in patients with diabetes and enhance their quality of life. Over the last 20 years, sophisticated pharmaceutical technologies have been utilized to provide insulin through oral formulations. Despite the limited absorption of oral insulin, these studies have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in translating clinical discoveries into commercialization. This review examines the advancements of several oral insulin formulations in preclinical and clinical trials, their effectiveness and safety characteristics, and potential implications for future treatment options. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-03062-7Oral insulinType 2 diabetes mellitusAdvance drug deliveryPreclinicalClinical |
| spellingShingle | Chan Yew Low Wei Ling Gan Su Jeat Lai Rachel Su-May Tam Jie Fei Tan Stefanie Dietl Lay Hong Chuah Nicolas Voelcker Athirah Bakhtiar Critical updates on oral insulin drug delivery systems for type 2 diabetes mellitus Journal of Nanobiotechnology Oral insulin Type 2 diabetes mellitus Advance drug delivery Preclinical Clinical |
| title | Critical updates on oral insulin drug delivery systems for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_full | Critical updates on oral insulin drug delivery systems for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Critical updates on oral insulin drug delivery systems for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Critical updates on oral insulin drug delivery systems for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_short | Critical updates on oral insulin drug delivery systems for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_sort | critical updates on oral insulin drug delivery systems for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| topic | Oral insulin Type 2 diabetes mellitus Advance drug delivery Preclinical Clinical |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-03062-7 |
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