Negative campaigning and electoral mobilization: empirical evidence from German state elections

Recent research has been inconclusive about the systemic effects of negative campaigning. The available studies, most of which focus on the United States, either conclude that attack behavior decreases turnout, increases turnout, or has no effect on turnout. This study analyzes the relation between...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jürgen Maier, Sebastian Stier, Mona Dian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Political Research Exchange
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2474736X.2025.2533148
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849700853292728320
author Jürgen Maier
Sebastian Stier
Mona Dian
author_facet Jürgen Maier
Sebastian Stier
Mona Dian
author_sort Jürgen Maier
collection DOAJ
description Recent research has been inconclusive about the systemic effects of negative campaigning. The available studies, most of which focus on the United States, either conclude that attack behavior decreases turnout, increases turnout, or has no effect on turnout. This study analyzes the relation between negative campaigning and turnout at the constituency level in 13 German state elections in 2021 and 2024. Based on a triangulation of data from the state returning officers and candidate surveys we show that an overall negative tone of the campaign stimulates voter participation; the predicted difference in turnout between a constituency reporting a low and a constituency reporting a high level of negativity is 2.5 percentage points for the overall campaign and 3.3 percentage points for the candidates’ attack behavior at the constituency level. We conclude that the specific effect of negative campaigning on turnout depends on the level of communication.
format Article
id doaj-art-ece4516604dc4f9fac96d8e4c5fe0e0c
institution DOAJ
issn 2474-736X
language English
publishDate 2025-12-01
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
record_format Article
series Political Research Exchange
spelling doaj-art-ece4516604dc4f9fac96d8e4c5fe0e0c2025-08-20T03:18:08ZengTaylor & Francis GroupPolitical Research Exchange2474-736X2025-12-017110.1080/2474736X.2025.2533148Negative campaigning and electoral mobilization: empirical evidence from German state electionsJürgen Maier0Sebastian Stier1Mona Dian2RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Department of Political Science, Landau, GermanyGESIS - Leibnitz Institute for the Social Sciences, Cologne, GermanyGESIS - Leibnitz Institute for the Social Sciences, Cologne, GermanyRecent research has been inconclusive about the systemic effects of negative campaigning. The available studies, most of which focus on the United States, either conclude that attack behavior decreases turnout, increases turnout, or has no effect on turnout. This study analyzes the relation between negative campaigning and turnout at the constituency level in 13 German state elections in 2021 and 2024. Based on a triangulation of data from the state returning officers and candidate surveys we show that an overall negative tone of the campaign stimulates voter participation; the predicted difference in turnout between a constituency reporting a low and a constituency reporting a high level of negativity is 2.5 percentage points for the overall campaign and 3.3 percentage points for the candidates’ attack behavior at the constituency level. We conclude that the specific effect of negative campaigning on turnout depends on the level of communication.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2474736X.2025.2533148Negative campaigningturnoutcandidate surveyGermany
spellingShingle Jürgen Maier
Sebastian Stier
Mona Dian
Negative campaigning and electoral mobilization: empirical evidence from German state elections
Political Research Exchange
Negative campaigning
turnout
candidate survey
Germany
title Negative campaigning and electoral mobilization: empirical evidence from German state elections
title_full Negative campaigning and electoral mobilization: empirical evidence from German state elections
title_fullStr Negative campaigning and electoral mobilization: empirical evidence from German state elections
title_full_unstemmed Negative campaigning and electoral mobilization: empirical evidence from German state elections
title_short Negative campaigning and electoral mobilization: empirical evidence from German state elections
title_sort negative campaigning and electoral mobilization empirical evidence from german state elections
topic Negative campaigning
turnout
candidate survey
Germany
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2474736X.2025.2533148
work_keys_str_mv AT jurgenmaier negativecampaigningandelectoralmobilizationempiricalevidencefromgermanstateelections
AT sebastianstier negativecampaigningandelectoralmobilizationempiricalevidencefromgermanstateelections
AT monadian negativecampaigningandelectoralmobilizationempiricalevidencefromgermanstateelections