Placental Pathology and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF)/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) Pathway Expression Evaluation in Fetal Congenital Heart Defects

The heart and placenta have simultaneous embryologic development, the interactions between the two organs representing the heart–placental axis. They both share key developmental pathways, one of which involves the placental growth factor (PlGF) and its receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor r...

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Main Authors: Alexandru Cristian Bolunduț, Ximena Maria Mureșan, Rada Teodora Suflețel, Lavinia Patricia Mocan, Simina Pîrv, Sergiu Șușman, Carmen Mihaela Mihu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Life
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/6/837
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author Alexandru Cristian Bolunduț
Ximena Maria Mureșan
Rada Teodora Suflețel
Lavinia Patricia Mocan
Simina Pîrv
Sergiu Șușman
Carmen Mihaela Mihu
author_facet Alexandru Cristian Bolunduț
Ximena Maria Mureșan
Rada Teodora Suflețel
Lavinia Patricia Mocan
Simina Pîrv
Sergiu Șușman
Carmen Mihaela Mihu
author_sort Alexandru Cristian Bolunduț
collection DOAJ
description The heart and placenta have simultaneous embryologic development, the interactions between the two organs representing the heart–placental axis. They both share key developmental pathways, one of which involves the placental growth factor (PlGF) and its receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1). The aim of this study was to evaluate the placental pathology and the expression patterns of PlGF and VEGFR-1 in pregnancies with fetuses with congenital heart defects (CHDs). We analyzed placental gross and microscopic alterations between placentas from pregnancies with CHD fetuses and pregnancies with structurally normal heart fetuses. We also performed the immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment of the placental expression of PlGF and VEGFR-1 in the two groups. We discovered significant gross placental abnormalities in pregnancies with CHD fetuses, including a shorter umbilical cord, marginal or velamentous umbilical cord insertion, and a lower fetal-to-placental weight ratio. Also, 88.2% of the placentas in the CHD group displayed microscopic pathologic aspects. We demonstrated significant placental immunostaining for PlGF and VEGFR-1 in the syncytiotrophoblast and decidual cells compared to villous endothelial cells. We identified a lower placental IHC expression of PlGF in pregnancies with CHD fetuses compared to controls but no differences in the placental immunostaining pattern for VEGFR-1 between the two groups. Our study uncovered a potential role played by the PlGF/VEGFR-1 pathway in the development of CHDs through placental-mediated mechanisms.
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spelling doaj-art-ecde2c7a9f5e4f4e93ca1ca97223deaa2025-08-20T03:16:18ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-05-0115683710.3390/life15060837Placental Pathology and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF)/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) Pathway Expression Evaluation in Fetal Congenital Heart DefectsAlexandru Cristian Bolunduț0Ximena Maria Mureșan1Rada Teodora Suflețel2Lavinia Patricia Mocan3Simina Pîrv4Sergiu Șușman5Carmen Mihaela Mihu61st Department of Pediatrics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaPersonalized Medicine and Rare Diseases Department, MEDFUTURE—Institute for Biomedical Research, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Histology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Histology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaPersonalized Medicine and Rare Diseases Department, MEDFUTURE—Institute for Biomedical Research, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Histology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Histology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaThe heart and placenta have simultaneous embryologic development, the interactions between the two organs representing the heart–placental axis. They both share key developmental pathways, one of which involves the placental growth factor (PlGF) and its receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1). The aim of this study was to evaluate the placental pathology and the expression patterns of PlGF and VEGFR-1 in pregnancies with fetuses with congenital heart defects (CHDs). We analyzed placental gross and microscopic alterations between placentas from pregnancies with CHD fetuses and pregnancies with structurally normal heart fetuses. We also performed the immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment of the placental expression of PlGF and VEGFR-1 in the two groups. We discovered significant gross placental abnormalities in pregnancies with CHD fetuses, including a shorter umbilical cord, marginal or velamentous umbilical cord insertion, and a lower fetal-to-placental weight ratio. Also, 88.2% of the placentas in the CHD group displayed microscopic pathologic aspects. We demonstrated significant placental immunostaining for PlGF and VEGFR-1 in the syncytiotrophoblast and decidual cells compared to villous endothelial cells. We identified a lower placental IHC expression of PlGF in pregnancies with CHD fetuses compared to controls but no differences in the placental immunostaining pattern for VEGFR-1 between the two groups. Our study uncovered a potential role played by the PlGF/VEGFR-1 pathway in the development of CHDs through placental-mediated mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/6/837congenital heart defectsplacentapathologyplacental growth factorvascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1
spellingShingle Alexandru Cristian Bolunduț
Ximena Maria Mureșan
Rada Teodora Suflețel
Lavinia Patricia Mocan
Simina Pîrv
Sergiu Șușman
Carmen Mihaela Mihu
Placental Pathology and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF)/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) Pathway Expression Evaluation in Fetal Congenital Heart Defects
Life
congenital heart defects
placenta
pathology
placental growth factor
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1
title Placental Pathology and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF)/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) Pathway Expression Evaluation in Fetal Congenital Heart Defects
title_full Placental Pathology and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF)/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) Pathway Expression Evaluation in Fetal Congenital Heart Defects
title_fullStr Placental Pathology and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF)/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) Pathway Expression Evaluation in Fetal Congenital Heart Defects
title_full_unstemmed Placental Pathology and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF)/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) Pathway Expression Evaluation in Fetal Congenital Heart Defects
title_short Placental Pathology and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF)/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) Pathway Expression Evaluation in Fetal Congenital Heart Defects
title_sort placental pathology and placental growth factor plgf vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 vegfr 1 pathway expression evaluation in fetal congenital heart defects
topic congenital heart defects
placenta
pathology
placental growth factor
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/6/837
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