Appointment of Four Judges in Fāṭimid Egypt in 525/1131, A New Interpretation
The appointment of four judges in the Fatimid state in 525/1131 was significant enough to prompt an anonymous source to document it, and it was later taken up by modern scholars, who speculated about its meaning in its historical context. This event offers valuable insights into the Fāṭimid socio-po...
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Istanbul University Press
2024-09-01
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| Series: | İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi |
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| Online Access: | https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/038ACCCD7E5C4C439C8A8671A63BCD6C |
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| author | İrfan İnce |
| author_facet | İrfan İnce |
| author_sort | İrfan İnce |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The appointment of four judges in the Fatimid state in 525/1131 was significant enough to prompt an anonymous source to document it, and it was later taken up by modern scholars, who speculated about its meaning in its historical context. This event offers valuable insights into the Fāṭimid socio-political history and the history of Islamic law. Notably, two of these judges were from two Shīʿa schools and the other two from two Sunnī schools. A local source, writing approximately half a century after the event, described it as an unprecedented occurrence in the Muslim community. While the exact implications of this statement remain ambiguous, modern scholars have found it both intriguing and instructive in their interpretations. The appointment record does not specify any restrictions on the jurisdiction of judges concerning cases they can adjudicate. However, their authority over inheritance matters was emphasized. Certain fundamental rulings where Shīʿa and Sunnī doctrines diverged were associated with the Fāṭimid conception of imāmate. For the same reason, the Fāṭimid Rulers adopted a stringent stance on these matters during the early stages of their rule in Egypt. Therefore, this information provides significant insights into the Fāṭimid judicial system, the application of Shīʿa law in a predominantly Sunnī Egyptian society, and the socio-political context of its enactment. Conversely, the limited availability of historical sources from this period enhances the value of this information and, while at the same time, complicates its interpretation. Allouche was the first researcher to explore this historical information extensively, attempting to determine the political motivations behind the appointments and the status and identities of the appointed judges within the constraints of limited sources. Subsequent literature frequently referenced Allouche’s work, but no alternative interpretations were proposed. In this paper, I first address a question overlooked by Allouche by identifying the primary source of this historical information. I try to demonstrate how this isolated piece of knowledge was integrated into the main text, which significantly contributed to difficuties in its interpretation. Subsequently, I examine Allouche’s method of using the sources, highlight significant gaps and errors in his source analysis, and suggest revisions for his evaluation of the main questions he tried to answer. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ecd0a03a7d7d459ca54d631da0cc4e2e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2717-6967 |
| language | Arabic |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | Istanbul University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi |
| spelling | doaj-art-ecd0a03a7d7d459ca54d631da0cc4e2e2025-08-20T01:51:15ZaraIstanbul University Pressİslam Tetkikleri Dergisi2717-69672024-09-0114250152810.26650/iuitd.2024.1493803123456Appointment of Four Judges in Fāṭimid Egypt in 525/1131, A New Interpretationİrfan İnce0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-2130Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul, TürkiyeThe appointment of four judges in the Fatimid state in 525/1131 was significant enough to prompt an anonymous source to document it, and it was later taken up by modern scholars, who speculated about its meaning in its historical context. This event offers valuable insights into the Fāṭimid socio-political history and the history of Islamic law. Notably, two of these judges were from two Shīʿa schools and the other two from two Sunnī schools. A local source, writing approximately half a century after the event, described it as an unprecedented occurrence in the Muslim community. While the exact implications of this statement remain ambiguous, modern scholars have found it both intriguing and instructive in their interpretations. The appointment record does not specify any restrictions on the jurisdiction of judges concerning cases they can adjudicate. However, their authority over inheritance matters was emphasized. Certain fundamental rulings where Shīʿa and Sunnī doctrines diverged were associated with the Fāṭimid conception of imāmate. For the same reason, the Fāṭimid Rulers adopted a stringent stance on these matters during the early stages of their rule in Egypt. Therefore, this information provides significant insights into the Fāṭimid judicial system, the application of Shīʿa law in a predominantly Sunnī Egyptian society, and the socio-political context of its enactment. Conversely, the limited availability of historical sources from this period enhances the value of this information and, while at the same time, complicates its interpretation. Allouche was the first researcher to explore this historical information extensively, attempting to determine the political motivations behind the appointments and the status and identities of the appointed judges within the constraints of limited sources. Subsequent literature frequently referenced Allouche’s work, but no alternative interpretations were proposed. In this paper, I first address a question overlooked by Allouche by identifying the primary source of this historical information. I try to demonstrate how this isolated piece of knowledge was integrated into the main text, which significantly contributed to difficuties in its interpretation. Subsequently, I examine Allouche’s method of using the sources, highlight significant gaps and errors in his source analysis, and suggest revisions for his evaluation of the main questions he tried to answer.https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/038ACCCD7E5C4C439C8A8671A63BCD6Cislamic lawhistory of islamic lawfāṭimid judicial systemchief qāḍīappointment of four qāḍīslegal pluralismlaw and politics in fāṭimid egypt |
| spellingShingle | İrfan İnce Appointment of Four Judges in Fāṭimid Egypt in 525/1131, A New Interpretation İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi islamic law history of islamic law fāṭimid judicial system chief qāḍī appointment of four qāḍīs legal pluralism law and politics in fāṭimid egypt |
| title | Appointment of Four Judges in Fāṭimid Egypt in 525/1131, A New Interpretation |
| title_full | Appointment of Four Judges in Fāṭimid Egypt in 525/1131, A New Interpretation |
| title_fullStr | Appointment of Four Judges in Fāṭimid Egypt in 525/1131, A New Interpretation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Appointment of Four Judges in Fāṭimid Egypt in 525/1131, A New Interpretation |
| title_short | Appointment of Four Judges in Fāṭimid Egypt in 525/1131, A New Interpretation |
| title_sort | appointment of four judges in fatimid egypt in 525 1131 a new interpretation |
| topic | islamic law history of islamic law fāṭimid judicial system chief qāḍī appointment of four qāḍīs legal pluralism law and politics in fāṭimid egypt |
| url | https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/038ACCCD7E5C4C439C8A8671A63BCD6C |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT irfanince appointmentoffourjudgesinfatimidegyptin5251131anewinterpretation |