4D-printable photocurable pressure sensitive adhesives derived from waste cooking oil

This study pioneers a sustainable strategy to convert waste cooking oil (WCO) into multifunctional 4D-printable photocurable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs), addressing critical challenges in high value-added utilisation of WCO and industrial demand for adaptive, eco-friendly materials. Through...

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Main Authors: Peng-yu Wang, Meng-yu Liu, Jia-hui Sun, Ying-ying Li, Chuan-yang Tang, Yang Yang, Shuo-ping Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Virtual and Physical Prototyping
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.2499490
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author Peng-yu Wang
Meng-yu Liu
Jia-hui Sun
Ying-ying Li
Chuan-yang Tang
Yang Yang
Shuo-ping Chen
author_facet Peng-yu Wang
Meng-yu Liu
Jia-hui Sun
Ying-ying Li
Chuan-yang Tang
Yang Yang
Shuo-ping Chen
author_sort Peng-yu Wang
collection DOAJ
description This study pioneers a sustainable strategy to convert waste cooking oil (WCO) into multifunctional 4D-printable photocurable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs), addressing critical challenges in high value-added utilisation of WCO and industrial demand for adaptive, eco-friendly materials. Through sequential epoxidation and esterification, WCO was transformed into epoxy waste oil methacrylate (EWOMA), a photocurable monomer. Blending EWOMA with flexible acrylates – hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA) or cyclohexyl acrylate (CHA) – yielded two novel PSA systems compatible with LCD 3D printing and conventional coating methods. Optimised formulations of EWOMA-CHA system achieved commercial-level adhesion, with interfacial toughness reaching 499.5 J/m2 (PMMA), 412 J/m2 (glass) and 222.92 J/m2 (steel). Molecular simulations revealed that the inclusion of flexible end-group molecules, particularly CHA, significantly enhanced the polymer network's flexibility and structural adaptability. This optimisation improved the distribution of hydrogen bonding both within the system and at the adhered surface, thereby strengthening adhesion and boosting PSA performance. Beyond adhesion, these PSAs demonstrated exceptional multifunctionality: high flexibility (elongation at break: 162.0% for EWOMA-CHA), thermally induced shape memory (room-temperature deformation/recovery, fixation at −15°C), and biodegradability (11.52% weight lossin 45-day soil burial). As a low-cost, scalable platform, these WCO-based 4D-printable PSAs enable eco-industrial innovation for biomedical, robotics, packaging, and so on.
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publishDate 2025-12-01
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spelling doaj-art-ecc92fb84bcf4546b596bb02adfc37de2025-08-20T03:07:55ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirtual and Physical Prototyping1745-27591745-27672025-12-0120110.1080/17452759.2025.24994904D-printable photocurable pressure sensitive adhesives derived from waste cooking oilPeng-yu Wang0Meng-yu Liu1Jia-hui Sun2Ying-ying Li3Chuan-yang Tang4Yang Yang5Shuo-ping Chen6College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People’s Republic of ChinaThis study pioneers a sustainable strategy to convert waste cooking oil (WCO) into multifunctional 4D-printable photocurable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs), addressing critical challenges in high value-added utilisation of WCO and industrial demand for adaptive, eco-friendly materials. Through sequential epoxidation and esterification, WCO was transformed into epoxy waste oil methacrylate (EWOMA), a photocurable monomer. Blending EWOMA with flexible acrylates – hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA) or cyclohexyl acrylate (CHA) – yielded two novel PSA systems compatible with LCD 3D printing and conventional coating methods. Optimised formulations of EWOMA-CHA system achieved commercial-level adhesion, with interfacial toughness reaching 499.5 J/m2 (PMMA), 412 J/m2 (glass) and 222.92 J/m2 (steel). Molecular simulations revealed that the inclusion of flexible end-group molecules, particularly CHA, significantly enhanced the polymer network's flexibility and structural adaptability. This optimisation improved the distribution of hydrogen bonding both within the system and at the adhered surface, thereby strengthening adhesion and boosting PSA performance. Beyond adhesion, these PSAs demonstrated exceptional multifunctionality: high flexibility (elongation at break: 162.0% for EWOMA-CHA), thermally induced shape memory (room-temperature deformation/recovery, fixation at −15°C), and biodegradability (11.52% weight lossin 45-day soil burial). As a low-cost, scalable platform, these WCO-based 4D-printable PSAs enable eco-industrial innovation for biomedical, robotics, packaging, and so on.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.24994904D-printablepressure sensitive adhesivewaste cooking oilshape memory performancebiodegradability
spellingShingle Peng-yu Wang
Meng-yu Liu
Jia-hui Sun
Ying-ying Li
Chuan-yang Tang
Yang Yang
Shuo-ping Chen
4D-printable photocurable pressure sensitive adhesives derived from waste cooking oil
Virtual and Physical Prototyping
4D-printable
pressure sensitive adhesive
waste cooking oil
shape memory performance
biodegradability
title 4D-printable photocurable pressure sensitive adhesives derived from waste cooking oil
title_full 4D-printable photocurable pressure sensitive adhesives derived from waste cooking oil
title_fullStr 4D-printable photocurable pressure sensitive adhesives derived from waste cooking oil
title_full_unstemmed 4D-printable photocurable pressure sensitive adhesives derived from waste cooking oil
title_short 4D-printable photocurable pressure sensitive adhesives derived from waste cooking oil
title_sort 4d printable photocurable pressure sensitive adhesives derived from waste cooking oil
topic 4D-printable
pressure sensitive adhesive
waste cooking oil
shape memory performance
biodegradability
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.2499490
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