Age-dependent nonlinear relationship between hypertension and hippocampal volume in sedentary women with lower educational attainment
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the age-dependent nonlinear relationship between hypertension stages, hippocampal volume, and cognitive performance in sedentary women with lower educational attainment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four women (40–60 years) with low education and physical activity...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Education and Health Promotion |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1219_24 |
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| author | Sneha Ravichandran Poovitha Shruthi Paramashiva Rajagopal Kadavigere Hari Prakash Palanisamy K N Shivashankar Baskaran Chandrasekaran M. G. Ramesh Babu Winniecia Dkhar Dilip Shettigar Sathya Sabina Muthu Suresh Sukumar |
| author_facet | Sneha Ravichandran Poovitha Shruthi Paramashiva Rajagopal Kadavigere Hari Prakash Palanisamy K N Shivashankar Baskaran Chandrasekaran M. G. Ramesh Babu Winniecia Dkhar Dilip Shettigar Sathya Sabina Muthu Suresh Sukumar |
| author_sort | Sneha Ravichandran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND:
This study investigated the age-dependent nonlinear relationship between hypertension stages, hippocampal volume, and cognitive performance in sedentary women with lower educational attainment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Forty-four women (40–60 years) with low education and physical activity levels underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging brain scans and cognitive tests. Hippocampal volumes were analyzed using CAT12 and SPM12.
RESULTS:
Age-dependent relationships between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and hippocampal volume were observed. In ages 40–49, higher SBP correlated with more minor left hippocampal volumes (r = -0.5937, P = 0.0046). In ages 50–59, greater SBP is associated with larger hippocampal volumes (left: r = 0.7040, P = 0.0002; right: r = 0.5885, P = 0.0031). Hippocampal measurements accounted for 48.2% and 70.3% of SBP variance in younger and older groups, respectively. Higher SBP correlated with poorer cognitive performance in Flanker (reaction time: χ² = 13.87, P = 0.003; accuracy: χ² = 31.36, P < .001) and N-back tasks (reaction time: χ² = 11.63, P = 0.009; accuracy: χ² = 22.20, P < .001).
CONCLUSION:
These findings challenge the “lower is better” blood pressure paradigm, especially in older adults, suggesting the need for age-specific hypertension management and brain health preservation strategies. Public health implications include developing tailored interventions considering age, education, and physical activity; implementing age-specific blood pressure guidelines; integrating cognitive screenings into hypertension care; and creating targeted health literacy programs. Future research should establish causality, explore mechanisms, and evaluate personalized strategies for this vulnerable population. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eca115b18b19462a99b8a7a63f32fe04 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2277-9531 2319-6440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Education and Health Promotion |
| spelling | doaj-art-eca115b18b19462a99b8a7a63f32fe042025-08-20T02:32:16ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Education and Health Promotion2277-95312319-64402025-05-0114118318310.4103/jehp.jehp_1219_24Age-dependent nonlinear relationship between hypertension and hippocampal volume in sedentary women with lower educational attainmentSneha RavichandranPoovitha Shruthi ParamashivaRajagopal KadavigereHari Prakash PalanisamyK N ShivashankarBaskaran ChandrasekaranM. G. Ramesh BabuWinniecia DkharDilip ShettigarSathya Sabina MuthuSuresh SukumarBACKGROUND: This study investigated the age-dependent nonlinear relationship between hypertension stages, hippocampal volume, and cognitive performance in sedentary women with lower educational attainment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four women (40–60 years) with low education and physical activity levels underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging brain scans and cognitive tests. Hippocampal volumes were analyzed using CAT12 and SPM12. RESULTS: Age-dependent relationships between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and hippocampal volume were observed. In ages 40–49, higher SBP correlated with more minor left hippocampal volumes (r = -0.5937, P = 0.0046). In ages 50–59, greater SBP is associated with larger hippocampal volumes (left: r = 0.7040, P = 0.0002; right: r = 0.5885, P = 0.0031). Hippocampal measurements accounted for 48.2% and 70.3% of SBP variance in younger and older groups, respectively. Higher SBP correlated with poorer cognitive performance in Flanker (reaction time: χ² = 13.87, P = 0.003; accuracy: χ² = 31.36, P < .001) and N-back tasks (reaction time: χ² = 11.63, P = 0.009; accuracy: χ² = 22.20, P < .001). CONCLUSION: These findings challenge the “lower is better” blood pressure paradigm, especially in older adults, suggesting the need for age-specific hypertension management and brain health preservation strategies. Public health implications include developing tailored interventions considering age, education, and physical activity; implementing age-specific blood pressure guidelines; integrating cognitive screenings into hypertension care; and creating targeted health literacy programs. Future research should establish causality, explore mechanisms, and evaluate personalized strategies for this vulnerable population.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1219_24agingbraincardiovascular risk factorscognitionhippocampushypertensionmagnetic resonance imagingneuroimagingpublic healthsedentary behaviorwomen’s health |
| spellingShingle | Sneha Ravichandran Poovitha Shruthi Paramashiva Rajagopal Kadavigere Hari Prakash Palanisamy K N Shivashankar Baskaran Chandrasekaran M. G. Ramesh Babu Winniecia Dkhar Dilip Shettigar Sathya Sabina Muthu Suresh Sukumar Age-dependent nonlinear relationship between hypertension and hippocampal volume in sedentary women with lower educational attainment Journal of Education and Health Promotion aging brain cardiovascular risk factors cognition hippocampus hypertension magnetic resonance imaging neuroimaging public health sedentary behavior women’s health |
| title | Age-dependent nonlinear relationship between hypertension and hippocampal volume in sedentary women with lower educational attainment |
| title_full | Age-dependent nonlinear relationship between hypertension and hippocampal volume in sedentary women with lower educational attainment |
| title_fullStr | Age-dependent nonlinear relationship between hypertension and hippocampal volume in sedentary women with lower educational attainment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Age-dependent nonlinear relationship between hypertension and hippocampal volume in sedentary women with lower educational attainment |
| title_short | Age-dependent nonlinear relationship between hypertension and hippocampal volume in sedentary women with lower educational attainment |
| title_sort | age dependent nonlinear relationship between hypertension and hippocampal volume in sedentary women with lower educational attainment |
| topic | aging brain cardiovascular risk factors cognition hippocampus hypertension magnetic resonance imaging neuroimaging public health sedentary behavior women’s health |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1219_24 |
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