Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations
The galaxy cluster Zwicky 3146 is a sloshing cool-core cluster at z = 0.291 that in Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) imaging does not appear to exhibit significant pressure substructure in the intracluster medium. We perform a surface brightness fluctuation analysis via Fourier amplitude spectra on SZ (MUSTA...
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd3f0 |
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| author | Charles E. Romero Massimo Gaspari Gerrit Schellenberger Tanay Bhandarkar Mark Devlin Simon R. Dicker William Forman Rishi Khatri Ralph Kraft Luca Di Mascolo Brian S. Mason Emily Moravec Tony Mroczkowski Paul Nulsen John Orlowski-Scherer Karen Perez Sarmiento Craig Sarazin Jonathan Sievers Yuanyuan Su |
| author_facet | Charles E. Romero Massimo Gaspari Gerrit Schellenberger Tanay Bhandarkar Mark Devlin Simon R. Dicker William Forman Rishi Khatri Ralph Kraft Luca Di Mascolo Brian S. Mason Emily Moravec Tony Mroczkowski Paul Nulsen John Orlowski-Scherer Karen Perez Sarmiento Craig Sarazin Jonathan Sievers Yuanyuan Su |
| author_sort | Charles E. Romero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The galaxy cluster Zwicky 3146 is a sloshing cool-core cluster at z = 0.291 that in Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) imaging does not appear to exhibit significant pressure substructure in the intracluster medium. We perform a surface brightness fluctuation analysis via Fourier amplitude spectra on SZ (MUSTANG-2) and X-ray (XMM-Newton) images of this cluster. These surface brightness fluctuations can be deprojected to infer pressure and density fluctuations from the SZ and X-ray data, respectively. In the central region (Ring 1, r < 100″ = 440 kpc, in our analysis), we find fluctuation spectra that suggest injection scales around 200 kpc (∼140 kpc from pressure fluctuations and ∼250 kpc from density fluctuations). When comparing the pressure and density fluctuations in the central region, we observe a change in the effective thermodynamic state from large to small scales, from isobaric (likely due to the slow sloshing) to adiabatic (due to more vigorous motions). By leveraging scalings from hydrodynamical simulations, we find an average 3D Mach number ≈0.5. We further compare our results to other studies of Zwicky 3146 and, more broadly, to other studies of fluctuations in other clusters. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ec9fcb5f2a6c46808ba5ca24e7d89360 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-ec9fcb5f2a6c46808ba5ca24e7d893602025-08-20T02:24:50ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0195114110.3847/1538-4357/acd3f0Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray ObservationsCharles E. Romero0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5725-0359Massimo Gaspari1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-9258Gerrit Schellenberger2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4962-0740Tanay Bhandarkar3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2971-1776Mark Devlin4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3169-9761Simon R. Dicker5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1940-4289William Forman6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9478-1682Rishi Khatri7Ralph Kraft8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0765-0511Luca Di Mascolo9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3586-4485Brian S. Mason10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8472-836XEmily Moravec11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9793-5416Tony Mroczkowski12https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3816-5372Paul Nulsen13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-4493John Orlowski-Scherer14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-8104Karen Perez Sarmiento15Craig Sarazin16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-0981Jonathan Sievers17https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6903-5074Yuanyuan Su18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3886-1258Center for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; charles.romero@cfa.harvard.eduDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544-1001, USACenter for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; charles.romero@cfa.harvard.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USACenter for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; charles.romero@cfa.harvard.eduTata Institute of Fundamental Research , Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, IndiaCenter for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; charles.romero@cfa.harvard.eduDepartment of Physics, University of Trieste , via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy; INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy; IFPU—Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe , Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, ItalyNational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Rd., Charlottesville, VA 22903, USAGreen Bank Observatory , 155 Observatory Road, Green Bank, WV 24944, USAESO—European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching b. München, GermanyCenter for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; charles.romero@cfa.harvard.edu; ICRAR, University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, AustraliaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Virginia , 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USADepartment of Physics, McGill University , 3600 University Street Montreal, QC, H3A 2T8, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky , 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USAThe galaxy cluster Zwicky 3146 is a sloshing cool-core cluster at z = 0.291 that in Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) imaging does not appear to exhibit significant pressure substructure in the intracluster medium. We perform a surface brightness fluctuation analysis via Fourier amplitude spectra on SZ (MUSTANG-2) and X-ray (XMM-Newton) images of this cluster. These surface brightness fluctuations can be deprojected to infer pressure and density fluctuations from the SZ and X-ray data, respectively. In the central region (Ring 1, r < 100″ = 440 kpc, in our analysis), we find fluctuation spectra that suggest injection scales around 200 kpc (∼140 kpc from pressure fluctuations and ∼250 kpc from density fluctuations). When comparing the pressure and density fluctuations in the central region, we observe a change in the effective thermodynamic state from large to small scales, from isobaric (likely due to the slow sloshing) to adiabatic (due to more vigorous motions). By leveraging scalings from hydrodynamical simulations, we find an average 3D Mach number ≈0.5. We further compare our results to other studies of Zwicky 3146 and, more broadly, to other studies of fluctuations in other clusters.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd3f0Galaxy clustersIntracluster medium |
| spellingShingle | Charles E. Romero Massimo Gaspari Gerrit Schellenberger Tanay Bhandarkar Mark Devlin Simon R. Dicker William Forman Rishi Khatri Ralph Kraft Luca Di Mascolo Brian S. Mason Emily Moravec Tony Mroczkowski Paul Nulsen John Orlowski-Scherer Karen Perez Sarmiento Craig Sarazin Jonathan Sievers Yuanyuan Su Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations The Astrophysical Journal Galaxy clusters Intracluster medium |
| title | Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations |
| title_full | Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations |
| title_fullStr | Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations |
| title_short | Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations |
| title_sort | inferences from surface brightness fluctuations of zwicky 3146 via the sunyaev zel dovich effect and x ray observations |
| topic | Galaxy clusters Intracluster medium |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd3f0 |
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